Pain Definition

Question 0

3 types of nociceptive receptors

Answer 0

1. Chemical receptors (eg stimulated by potassium, histamine, bradykinin)
2. Mechanical receptors
3. Thermal receptors

Question 1

Definition of Pain

Answer 1

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage

Question 2

2 types of pain

Answer 2

1. Acute- less than 3 mths

2. Chronic - longer than 3 months, recurring acute pain, Chronic non malignant pain, cancer pain

Question 3

Responses to pain

The very hot iron scorched Ina

Answer 3

Tachycardia
Vasoconstriction
Heightened Awareness
Increased platelet activation
Substrate mobilisation
Immobilisation

Question 4

Advantages of Pain response

Answer 4

Tachycardia -Maintain CO
Vasoconstriction-Decrease bleeding + Maintain CO
Heightened Awareness - alert to dangers
Increased platelet activation - Increased clotting and decreased bleeding.
Substrate mobilisation - produce energy
Immobilisation - Damage to tissue reduced, healing promoted

Question 5

Disadvantages of pain response

Answer 5

Tachycardia - Arrhythmia + Cardiac Ischaemia
Vasoconstriction - hypertension leading to stroke, decreased blood supply to places eg brain
Heightened awareness - Anxiety and fear
Increased platelet activation - DVT or PE
Substrate mobilisation - hyperglycaemia+protein breakdown
Immobilisation - sputum retention,chest infection/ pneumonia due to shallow breathing

Question 6

Pain threshold is?

Answer 6

The point at which a given stimulus is felt as pain

Question 7

Pain tolerance is

Answer 7

The duration/intensity of pain that the patient is willing to endure