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PAIN > PAIN DAY 1 AND 2 > Flashcards

PAIN DAY 1 AND 2 Flashcards

1
Q

An individual, unique experience
* Requires consciousness
* Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
* Reported by the person experiencing it
* Observed in the person experiencing it
associated with actual or potential tissue damage

A

pain

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2
Q

The neural process of encoding noxious stimuli

A

nociception

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3
Q

Should this be C-Fiber Pain Fiber or something else?

A

Should be C-Fiber Nociceptive Neuron

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4
Q

C-Fiber Pain Fiber
* -Should be C-Fiber Nociceptive Neuron
* WHY?

A

Nociceptors in the skin and deeper tissues

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5
Q

T/F The free nerve endings of the Aδ (delta) and C fibres are the most prevalent, and most studied.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

T/F Not all Aδ (delta) and C fibres are nociceptors

A

TRUE

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7
Q

All nociceptors are Aδ (delta) and C fibres

A

FALSE NOT ALL

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8
Q

Aδ (delta) and C fibres are mostly LOW-threshold mechanoreceptors.

A

FASLE HIGH THRESHOLD

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9
Q

Free Nerve Endings in Skin, Joints and Deeper Tissues

A

Nociceptor

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10
Q

A central or peripheral neuron of the somatosensory nervous system that is capable of encoding noxious stimuli.

A

Nociceptive Neuron

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11
Q

T/F A typical neuron consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites,
and a single axon.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Proprioceptive from mm spindle and golgi tendon organs

A

Aα (alpha)

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13
Q

noxious and non-noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli

A

Aβ (beta)

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14
Q

hair follicle detection and noxious mechanical stimuli

A

Aδ (delta)

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15
Q

noxious and non-noxious mechanical, thermal and chemical stimuli, including hair follicles.

A

C

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16
Q

Hair follicles are also innervated by

A

C fibers

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17
Q

Hair follicles are also innervated by C fibers – considered WHAT TWO THINGS?

A

slow conducting and high threshold.

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18
Q

Not a nociceptive function

A

Hair follicles innervated by C fibers

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19
Q

Pick up a stimulus from hair to hair over receptive fields

A

Hair follicles

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20
Q

AKA a C(aress) fiber

A

C fibers

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21
Q

When Aβ (beta) neurons (fast conductors) are not specialized, they can act as free nerve endings and respond to mechanical stimuli, including WHAT?

A

noxious stimuli

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22
Q

Fat, myelinated fibers are the ______ * 80 to 120 meters per second.

A

fastest

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23
Q

Thin, unmyelinated fibers are

A

slowest

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24
Q

Thin, unmyelinated fibers are slowest.
* Half a meter to 2 meters per second. * Includes these two fibres

A

Aδ (delta) and C fibres

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25
Q

Aδ (delta) and C fibres are stimulated by

A

High intensity mechanical
* Noxious heat
* Noxious cold

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26
Q

Aδ (delta) and C fibres need a high intensity of _______ to trigger a signal

A

stimulation

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27
Q

A stimulus that is damaging to or threatens damage to normal tissues

A

Noxious Stimulus

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28
Q

Sensory receptor capable of transducing and encoding a noxious (harmful) stimulus

A

Nociceptor

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29
Q

Central or peripheral neuron that is capable of encoding noxious stimulation

A

Nociceptive neuron

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30
Q

A stimulus that is damaging or threatens damage to normal tissues.

A

Noxious stimuli

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31
Q

Neural process of encoding and processing noxious stimuli

A

Nociception

32
Q

Pain arising from activation of nociceptors

A

Nociceptive pain

33
Q

Increased responsiveness of sensory neurons

A

Sensitization+

34
Q

T/F Nociceptors respond to noxious cold, noxious heat and high threshold mechanical stimuli as well as a variety of chemical mediators.

A

TRUE

35
Q

T/F ALL nociceptors responds to each of the noxious stimuli

A

FALSE NOT ALL

36
Q

T/F application of a high intensity stimulus of one modality may alter the response properties of the nociceptor to other modalities

A

True

37
Q

The neural process of encoding noxious stimuli.

A

NOCICEPTION

38
Q

T/F consequences of encoding may be autonomic (e. G. Elevated blood pressure) or behavioral (motor withdrawal reflex or more complex nocifensive behaviour

A

TRUE

39
Q

T/F With nociception pain sensation is not necessarily implied

A

True

40
Q

Increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons to their normal input, and/or recruitment of a response to normally subthreshold inputs.

A

SENSITIZATION

41
Q

T/F Clinically, sensitization may only be inferred indirectly from phenomena such as hyperalgesia or allodynia.

A

True

42
Q

Increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons to their normal input, and/or recruitment of a response to normally subthreshold inputs.

A

SENSITIZATION

43
Q

T/F Clinically, sensitization may only be inferred indirectly from phenomena such as hyperalgesia or allodynia

A

True

44
Q

SENSITIZATION has which two components?

A

Peripheral and Central

45
Q

Increased responsiveness and reduced threshold of nociceptive neurons in the periphery to the stimulation of their receptive fields

A

PERIPHERAL

46
Q

Increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system to their normal or subthreshold afferent input.

A

CENTRAL

47
Q

These two things are INFERRING CS?

A

ALLODYNIA AND HYERPALGESIA

48
Q

Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain.

A

ALLODYNIA

49
Q

Increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain.

A

HYERPALGESIA

50
Q

________ may be seen after different types of somatosensory stimuli applied to many different tissues.

A

Allodynia

51
Q

reflects increased pain on suprathreshold stimulation. This is a clinical term that does not imply a mechanism. For pain evoked by stimuli that usually are not painful, the term allodynia is preferred, while hyperalgesia is more appropriately used for cases with an increased response at a normal threshold, or at an increased threshold, e.G., In patients with neuropathy.

A

HYERPALGESIA

52
Q

T/F.Clinical descriptors are NOT types of pain?

A

TRUE

53
Q

T/F The descriptors such as nociceptive, nociplastic, neuropathic followed by the word pain is somewhat problematic because they sound like types of pain but they are NOT?

A

TRUE

54
Q

Pain that arises from actual or threatened damage to non-neural tissue and is due to the activation of nociceptors.

A

NOCICEPTIVE (hypothesis of somatic mechanism) PAIN

55
Q

An umbrella term used to describe a group of rare genetic diseases, also classified as hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathies.

A

CONGENITAL INSENSITIVITY TO PAIN (CIP)

56
Q

There are many kinds, not all of which have the same pathologic mechanism. This is defined as?

A

CONGENITAL INSENSITIVITY TO PAIN (CIP)

57
Q

Highlights the conflation between pain and nociception.
The deficit is with nociception, not pain.

A

CONGENITAL INSENSITIVITY TO PAIN (CIP)

58
Q

T/F You cannot be insensitive to pain if you’ve never learned to feel it.

A

TRUE

59
Q

Rather than pain being an alarm, nociception is the alarm. * _______is what happens when nociception fails. No Alarm.

A

CIP

60
Q

Associated with tissue damage (noxious stimulation) * Inflammation
* Poor blood supply to tissues
* Injury
* Invasion by cancer

A

NOCICEPTIVE

61
Q

The ________ “apparatus” conveys or tranduces encoded information about tissue damage to the CNS

A

nociceptive

62
Q

Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system.

A

NEUROPATHIC
(hypothesis of somatic
mechanism) PAIN

63
Q

T/F Neuropathic pain is a clinical description (and a diagnosis) which requires a demonstrable lesion or a disease that satisfies established neurological diagnostic criteria.

A

FALSE NOT

64
Q

HERPESZOSTERANDPOSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA
* PAINFULDIABETICANDOTHERPERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES
* SPINALCORDINJURYNP
* CENTRALPOSTSTROKEPAIN
* RADICULOPATHY
* FAILEDBACKSURGERYSYNDROME
* COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME * TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
* MULTIPLESCLEROSIS

A

NEUROPATHIC PAIN EXAMPLES

65
Q

More commonly called a “pinched nerve“, symptoms occur when a nerve is compressed or irritated where it branches away from the spinal cord.

A

RADICULOPATHY

66
Q

This may cause pain, muscle weakness, numbness and tingling that radiates into the limbs and extremities

A

RADICULOPATHY

67
Q

Neuropathic pain may be present due to:
* Nociceptivesproutslesionedwithina degenerated disc
* Mechanical compression of the nerve root (may not be visible through imaging)
* Inflammatory mediators

A

LUMBAR RADICULOPATHY
AKA SCIATICA

68
Q

Mixed drivers can be present with a degenerative disc that does not present with obvious or documented mechanical compression.

A

LUMBAR RADICULOPATHY
AKA SCIATICA

69
Q

Pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage causing the activation of peripheral nociceptors or evidence for disease or lesion of the somatosensory system causing the pain.

A

NOCIPLASTIC (hypothesis of somatic mechanism) PAIN

70
Q

___________ is based … on the inference that
altered central nociceptive function may be responsible for the biomedical dimension of the experience of pain.

A

Nociplastic

71
Q

The term comes from nociceptive plasticity and supposes changes to the nociceptive apparatus.

A

NOCI-PLASTIC

72
Q

_________ acts as a descriptor of the probable mechanism by which altered central nociceptive function occurs in at least some chronic pain states.

A

Nociplastic

73
Q

_________ It distinguishes pain from nociceptive or neuropathic mechanisms.

A

Nociplastic

74
Q

________ is characterised by features that suggest altered nociceptive function (allodynia, hyperalgesia).

A

Nociplastic

75
Q

T/F NOCIPLASTIC IS CENTRAL SENSITISATION

A

FALSE IT IS NOT

76
Q

T/F Nociplastic Pain Mechanisms May Be Present In Many Conditions

A

TRUE

77
Q

T/F
Widespread Pain with Evidence of Altered Processing (allodynia, Hyperalgesia) can be found with illness constructs such as:
Persistent low back pain And other persistent, recurring MSK pain.

A

TRUE

PAIN (1 decks)

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