Pain Assessment & Management Flashcards
What process is used in managing pain?
Assess, plan, implement and evaluate
Name 4 types of pain
Neuropathic, Nociceptive, Nociplastic, Hyperalgesia
Neuropathic pain
pain caused by a lesion or disease of nervous system (central or peripheral)
Nociceptive pain
pain arising from damage to non-neural tissue involving activation of nociceptors which send the message of pain to the brain
Nociplastic pain
pain arising from altered nociceptor activity despite lack of evidence of tissue damage or disease
Hyperalgesia
increased sensitivity to pain at site of existing damage
what two types of assessment must be considered and utilized?
subjective and objective
what are the barriers to pain management?
- patient’s religion or cultural beliefs
- professional’s lack of knowledge
what topics must be covered during a pain assessment? (8)
- duration
- location
- severity
- quality
- aggravating factors
- relieving interventions
- previous history
- functional pain goals
functional pain goals
desired level of pain control that will allow the patient to carry out their desired activities
give examples of non-pharmacological NURSING management
- guided imagery/visualization
- distraction
- relaxation
- heat/ cold packs
give examples of non-pharmacological SPECIALIST management
- surgery
- acupuncture/acupressure
- massage
- cryotherapy
give examples of pharmacological management
analgesics:
- opiates/opioids
- NSAIDs
- local anesthesia
- inhalation (nitrous oxide-entonox)
what is the W.H.O ladder of pain management?
- aspirin/paracetamol/NSAIDs
- codeine
- morphine/oxycodone/fentanyl
