Pain and Analgesia Flashcards
Definition of pain
Aversive sensory and emotional experience, representing an awareness by the animal of damage or threat to the integrity of its tissues. It changes the animal’s physiology and behaviour to reduce or avoid the damage, to reduce the likelihood of recurrence and to promote recovery
What is adaptive pain?
-PROTECTIVE
-e.g. Nociceptive pain
-e.g. Inflammatory pain
Pain in response to stimulus to protect animal from it
What is maladaptive pain?
- PATHOLOGICAL
- No protective function
- Pain without stimulus
- e.g. Neuropathic pain (associated with nerve damage)
How long is chronic pain defined as?
Over 1 month. Behavioural changes may be subtle e.g. separation from the flock
What are the three processes in pain?
- Nociception
- Perception of an unpleasant sensation in the CNS
- Behavioural response
What is nociception?
The sensory process by which a noxious stimulus is transmitted to the brain
What is hyperalgesia?
Hightened pain sensation. May be due to repeated stimulus. “Wind up”
What is allodynia?
Painful response to a stimulus which would not normally be painful
What is the only validated pain scale in dogs?
Glasgow pain scale
What’s the difference between an opioid and an opiate?
Opioid=any naturally occurring, semi-synthetic or synthetic compound that binds to opioid receptors and shares the properties of the natural occurring endogenous opioids
Which two common opioids are naturally occurring compounds?
Morphine, Codeine
What are the three main opioid receptors?
DOP, KOP, MOP
What effects are induced by DOP?
Spinal and supraspinal analgesia, reduced gastric motility
What effects are induced by KOP?
Spinal analgesia, diuresis, dysphoria
What effects are induced by MOP?
Analgesia, sedation, bradycardia, respiratory depression
