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Anaesthetics > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Simple analgesics

A

Paracetamol (acetaminophen)

Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs
Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Aspirin

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2
Q

Opioids

Mild analgesics

A

Codeine

Dihydrocodeine

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3
Q

Opioids

Strong analgesics

A

Morphine (chronic cancer)
Oxycodone
Fentanyl

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4
Q

Tramadol

A

Mixed opiate and

5HT/NA reuptake inhibitor

(inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake)

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5
Q

Antidepressants

A

amitriptyline

duloxetine

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6
Q

Anticonvulsants use and examples

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Sodium valproate (Epilim)
Gabapentin (Neurontin)

For *neuropathic pain

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7
Q

Topical agents

A

Capsaicin

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8
Q

NMDA Receptor antagonist

A

Ketamine

SE: Increased Heart Rate, Hypertension, Hallucination

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9
Q

Treatments - Periphery

A

Non-drug treatments
- Rest, ice, compression, elevation
NSAID’s (for Nociceptive pain)
Local anaesthetics

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10
Q

Treatments - Spinal Cord

A 
Non-drug treatments
- Acupuncture, massage, TENS
Local anaesthetics
Opioids
Ketamine
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11
Q

Treatments - Brain

A 
Non-drug treatments
- Psychological 
Drug treatments
- Paracetamol
- Opioids
- Amitriptyline
- Clonidine
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12
Q

Clonidine Function + SE

A

a-2 adrenoreceptor agonist

high blood pressure 
ADHD
Drug withdrawal
menopausal flushing
diarrhoea
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13
Q

Paracetamol SE

A

Liver damage in overdose

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14
Q

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Function SE

A

Gastrointestinal and renal
sensitive asthmatics

Synergistic effects with paracetamol

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15
Q

Codeine SE

A

Constipation

Not good for chronic pain

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16
Q

Tramadol SE

A

Nausea and vomiting

17
Q

Morphine SE

A

Constipation
Respiratory depression in high dose
Controlled drug

18
Q

Amitriptyline Function + SE

A 
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
Increases descending inhibitory signals

SE: Anti-cholinergic side effects (e.g. glaucoma, urinary retention)

19
Q

Pain Management

A

Recognise

Assess

  • Severity? (cough, work, move)
  • Type? acute, chronic, cancer, neuropathic
  • Other factors? Anger, anxiety, depression

Treat

  • Non-drug treatments
  • Drug treatments
20
Q

neuropathic features

A

Burning or shooting pain
Phantom limb pain
Other features (pins and needles, numbness)

21
Q

Nociceptive Pain WHO pain Ladder

A

Mild
- Paracetamol (± NSAIDs)

Moderate
- Paracetamol (± NSAIDs) + codeine/ alternative

Severe
- Paracetamol (± NSAIDs) + morphine

Anaesthetics (4 decks)

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