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M&M Physiology > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What’s pain

A

Unpleasant sensation due to damage

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2
Q

Things associated with pain

A

Somatic reaction
Autonomic reaction
Emotional reaction

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3
Q

Other signs of damage other than pain

A

Fever

High ESR

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4
Q

Significance of pain

A

Warning

Reaction

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5
Q

Pain receptors ?

A

Free nerve endings

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6
Q

Functional classification of pain receptors

A

Mechanical
Chemical
Thermal
Poly modal

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7
Q

Pain receptors are abundant in :

A 
Skin
Periosteum 
Vascular walls
Joints
Dura of falx and tentorium
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8
Q

Pain receptors are less abundant in :

A

Most viscera

Many deep tissue (Muscles, Ligaments, Tendon)

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9
Q

Pain-insensitive tissues

A

Brain
Liver parenchyma
Kidney parenchyma
Lung parenchyma

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10
Q

Classes of pain producing compounds

A 
1st class
2nd class
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11
Q

Which class of PPS directly stimulate pain receptors

A

1st class

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12
Q

Which class of PPS lowers pain threshold

A

2nd class

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13
Q

Substances of the 1st class of PPS

A

Potassium
Histamine
Serotonin
Bradykinin

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14
Q

Substances of the 2nd class of PPS

A

Substance P
PGE 2
Leukotriens

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15
Q

Qualities of pain

A 
Pricking
Burning
Colicky
Dull
Throbbing
Tearing
Oppressive 
Stabbing
Stitching
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16
Q

Classification of chronic non malignant pain

A

Generalized
Neuropathic
Nociceptive

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17
Q

Ex. of generalized pain

A

Fibromyalgia

18
Q

Ex. neuropathic pain

A

HIV
Amputation
Nerve injury

19
Q

Ex. nociceptive pain

A

Osteoarthritis

Migraine

20
Q

Characters of neuropathic pain

A 
Tingling
Numbness 
Burning
Shooting
Paroxysms
Hyperalgasia
Sympathatic dystrophy
Hard treatment
Partial res. To opioid
May respond to TCA
21
Q

Sources of pain

A

Cutaneous
Deep
Visceral

22
Q

Types of cutaneous pain

A

Fast

Slow

23
Q

Afferent of types of cutaneous pain

A

Fast > A-delta

Slow > C

24
Q

Pathway of types of cutaneous pain

A

Fast > Neospinothalamic

Slow > Paleospinothalamic

25
Q

Neurotransmitter of types of cutaneous pain

A

Fast > Glutamate

Slow > Substance P

26
Q

Reactions to pain

A

Somatic motor reaction
Autonomic reaction
Emotional and psychological reaction

27
Q

Somatic motor reactions to pain

A

Withdrawal
Increase muscle excitability
Spasm of nearby muscles

28
Q

Autonomic reactions to pain

A

Mild pain > Sympathatic

Severe pain > Parasympathetic

29
Q

Emotional and psychological reactions to pain

A 
Anxiety
Fear
Crying
Depression
Hurt
30
Q

Chronic pain does not mask ………….

A

Depression

31
Q

What’s hyperalgesia

A

Skin become more sensitive to pain after 30-60 minutes of injury

32
Q

Types of hyperalgesia

A

Primary

Secondary

33
Q

Mechanism of primary hyperalgesia

A

Decrease pain threshold

34
Q

Mechanism of secondary hyperalgesia

A

Convergence-facilitation theory

35
Q

Characters of deep pain

A 
Poor localization
Dull
C-Fibers
Somatic reaction
Autonomic reaction
Hyperalgesia
36
Q

Visceral pain types

A

True visceral pain

Parietal visceral pain

37
Q

Afferent fibers of types of visceral pain

A

True > C fibers

Parietal > A-Delta and C fibers

38
Q

Appendicitis pain

A

Start > Around umbilicus

Later > Right iliac fossa

39
Q

Cardiac pain

A

Retrosternal
Left side of neck
Inner side of left arm, forearm and little finger

40
Q

Gall bladder pain

A

Epigastric region
Right shoulder
Neck

41
Q

Mechanism of referred pain

A

Convergence projection theory

42
Q

Components of pain control system

A

PeriAqueductal grey area
Raphe magnus
Nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis
Locus ceruleus

M&M Physiology (4 decks)

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