Pain Flashcards
Explain Pathway of fast-sharp pain
after leaving the tract of lissauer , the axons of the A-delta fibers* enter the dorsal horn and terminate in Rexed’s lamina I, V. Second order neurons leaving lamina I or V cross to the contralateral lateral spinothalamic tract and ascend to the brain.
Explain PATHWAY FOR SLOW-CHRONIC PAIN
The C fibers* terminate primarily in lamina II and III. Interneurons transmit C fiber impulses to lamina V from lamina II and III. Neurons leaving V cross immediately to the contralateral lateral spinothalmic tract and ascend to the brain
what Neurotransmitters released from peptidergic afferents?
Neurotransmitters released from peptidergic afferents are CGRP and SUBSTANCE P.
Virtually all primary afferents exert release GLUTAMATE WHICH BINDS TO what (XXXX), (XXX), and (XXX) receptors on the post-synaptic membrane?
Virtually all primary afferents exert release GLUTAMATE WHICH BINDS TO AMPA ,NMDA, and kainate receptors on the post-synaptic membrane
What are first order neuron?
The periphery to the dorsal horn is first order neuron
what are second order neuron?
Dorsal horn to spinothalmic tract is second order neuron
what are third order neuron ?
Spinothalmic tract to postcenral gyrus is third order neuron
What does Capsaicin do?
Prolongs inhibition of C-fibers by interacting with transient receptor potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)
What is gate thoery?
The theory can account for both “top-down” brain influences on pain perception as well asthe effects of other tactile stimuli (e.g. rubbing a banged knee) in appearing to reduce pain. It proposed that there is a “gate” or control system in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord through which all information regarding pain must pass before reaching the brain. The Substantia Gelatinosa (SG) in the dorsal horn controls whether the gate is open or closed. An “open gate” means that the transmission cells (i.e., t-cells) can carry signals to the brain where pain is perceived; a “closed gate” stops the t-cells from firing and no pain signal is sent to brain.
What is Specificity theory?
Specificity Theory–is one of the first modern theories for pain. It holds that specific pain receptors transmit signals to a “pain center” in the brain that “produces the perception of pain”. This theory is correct in that separate fibers for pain signals do carry pain signals to the brain eventually. (However, the theory does not account for the wide range of psychological factors that affect our perception of pain.) For example, soldiers may report little or no pain in relation to a serious wound in war time that would otherwise be excruciating.
What is Pattern theory?
Pattern theory holds that pain signals are sent to the brain only when stimuli sum together to produce a specific combination or pattern. (The theory does not posit specialized receptors for pain nor does it see the brain as having control over the perception of pain.) Rather, the brain is merely viewed as a message recipient. Despite its limitations, the Pattern Theory did set the stage for the Gate Control theory that has proved the most influential and best accepted pain theory so far.
What is Allodynia?
Allodynia- Perception of ordinarily nonnoxious stimulus as pain.
what is Analgesia?
Analgesia- Absence of pain***
What is Anesthesia?
Anesthesia- Absence of all sensation
what is
Anesthesia Dolorosa?
Anesthesia Dolorosa- Pain in an area that lacks sensation
