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MSK 1 > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

acute pain definition

A

pain that occurs as a direct result of tissue damage or potential damage

a symptom

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2
Q

chronic pain definition

A

pain that outlasts normal tissue healing time

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3
Q

pain definition

A

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associate with actual or potential tissue damage

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4
Q

how do pain and nocioception compare

A

different phenomena
nociception is picked up by sensory neurons

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5
Q

pain is associated with a ____ state

A

stress

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6
Q

what chronic pain conditions are known to change what

A

neuroplastic changes in S1

chronic LBP
CRPS
Phantom Limb

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7
Q

cortical reorganization

A

grey/white matter changes in S1 due to pain

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8
Q

what does cortical reorganization lead to

A

changes in acuity and interpretation of all peripheral stimuli

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9
Q

what is the neuromatrix theory an evolution of? what does it state

A

gate control theory

networks of neurons in the brain create a neurosignature that projects to areas if the brain associated with pain, motor output and movement

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10
Q

what are the brain areas included in the neuromatrix theory

A

thalamus
cortex
limbic system

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11
Q

what is a neurosignature modulated by

A

sensory and cognitive outputs
- individualized responses to nociception

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12
Q

inputs in the neuromatrix theory

A

cognitive related
sensory signaling
emotion related areas

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13
Q

outputs in the neuromatrix theory

A

pain reception
action programs
stress regulation

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14
Q

nociceptive pain

A

pain that arises from actual/threatened damage to non-neural tissue

due to activation of nociceptors

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15
Q

characteristics of nociceptive pain

A

localized
increases with movement
proportional to trauma
initial inflammation with a gradual decrease
responsive to NSAIDs

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16
Q

what does nociceptive pain lack

A

night/sleep disturbances
abnormal sensations
constant pain

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17
Q

peripheral neuropathic pain def

A

arises as a direct result of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system

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18
Q

characteristics of peripheral neuropathic pain

A

in a dermatomal or cutaneous distribution
history of nerve injury or compromise
pain with nerve testing

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19
Q

characteristics of nociplastic pain

A

hypersensitivity
disproportionate
non-mechanical
unpredictable
non-specific

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20
Q

possible nociplastic pain characteristics

A

> 3 months
regional pain
not nociceptive or neuropathic
clinical signs of hypersensitivity

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21
Q

probable nociplastic pain

A

hypersensitivity to almost every sort of stimuli

sleep disturbances
fatigue
cognitive problems

22
Q

in a pain pie, what is the crust and what is the center

A

crust - context factors
filling - type of pain

23
Q

depression will cause

A

pain to be heightened with a longer time to decrease the pain

reduce pain threshold due to constant inflammatory state

24
Q

depression definition

A

mental health disorder characterized by persistent unhappy mood or loss of interest

25
Q

fear avoidance beliefs

A

avoidance of activities in which pain has been experienced

26
Q

what is fear avoidance often associated with

A

depression

27
Q

pain catastrophizing

A

tendency to describe pain in a more exaggerated way

28
Q

components of pain catastrophizing

A

magnification
rumination
helplessness

29
Q

magnification vs rumination

A

magnification - experiencing pain at a larger scale

rumination - focus on pain

30
Q

what is pain catastrophizing often associated with

A

lower systemic endorphin levels

31
Q

what does pain catastrophizing predict

A

persistence
severity
disability

32
Q

self efficacy

A

belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations

33
Q

process expectations vs overall expectations

A

process - what patient expects to happen with therapist interaction

overall - how patient perceives their ability to get better

34
Q

> self efficacy is associated with

A

greater systemic endorphin levels

35
Q

screens for chronic pain

A

orebro msk pain questionnaire
STarT back

36
Q

significant score on the orebro MSK questionnaire

A

> 50
- more likely to have chronic pain within a year

37
Q

significant score on the STarT back

A

4 or more

38
Q

what is the exam for Pain Catastropizing? what score is significant?

A

PCS
> 30

39
Q

what is the exam for kinesiophobia? what score is significant?

A

TSK-11
11 to 44 with higher being more avoidant

40
Q

what is the exam for fear avoidance? what score is significant?

A

FABQ
>34 for work
>15 for physical activity

41
Q

how are nociceptive and neuropathic pain perceived on the SINSS model

A

normal

42
Q

specific measurements for nociplastic pain

A

allodynia - vibration or brush
hyperalgesia - pain pressure threshold
neurodynamic testing

43
Q

plan of care for a patient with symptoms of mental illness

A

referral and communication with health care providers

44
Q

plan of care for a patient with signs of severe mental illness?

A

immediate referral and communication with health care providers

initiate emergency care response

45
Q

nociceptive pain management

A

exercise
manual therapy
TENS

46
Q

neuropathic pain management

A

exercise in order to promote global blood flow

47
Q

nociplastic pain management

A

education
systemic exercise
manual therapy
TENS

48
Q

what impacts outcomes significantly in MSK pain

A

non-specific treatment
- aka more general movement and systemic processes

49
Q

placebo vs nocebo

A

p - positive response to an inactive treatment

n - negative response to an inactive treatment

50
Q

what treatments have the most significant effect on MSK pain

A

nonspecific treatment
natural history

MSK 1 (11 decks)

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