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PHARM 204 > PAIN > Flashcards

PAIN Flashcards

1
Q

Define sensation

A

It is what is picked up by our receptors and transfered back to our CNS

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2
Q

Define perception

A

What the brain sees those signals as (seeing the box within the circles)

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3
Q

Name modalities

A

Pressure, touch, stretch, acceleration, sound waves, light, chemical, temperature

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4
Q

Law of specific nerve energies

A

a given sensory receptor is specific for each modality

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5
Q

Direct vs indirect stimulus

A

Direct has the stimulus acting on the body or the dendrites.
Indirect has the stimulus acting on a separate cell that signals the primary afferent

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6
Q

Nociceptor thresholds

A

Strong pressure (needle)
High or low heat (>45, <20)
Bradykinin, histamine, acids, irritants

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7
Q

Nociceptor types

A

nonselective cation channels (TRP)
acid sensing ion channels (ASIC)
indirect (P2X, P2Y AND TKA)

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8
Q

Piezo channels

A

pressure activated via mechanical opening

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9
Q

TRPV1

A

nociceptor activated by heat, acids (capsaicin)

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10
Q

TRPV3 and 4

A

Average level temperature sensors

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11
Q

TRPA1

A

nociceptor activated by mechanical, cold, chemical

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12
Q

TRPM8

A

nociceptor activated by menthol (cool)

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13
Q

ASIC

A

nociceptors activated by pH changes

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14
Q

P2X and P2Y

A

indirect receptors that activate primary afferent nociceptor neurons. `

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15
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Fiber type: A delta or C
Location: superficial skin
Receptive field: small
Adaptation speed: slow
Modality: light touch

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16
Q

Merkels disk

A

Fiber type: A beta
Location: superficial skin
Receptive field: small
Adaptation speed: slow
Modality: pressure

17
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

Fiber type: A beta
Location: deep skin
Receptive field: large
Adaptation speed: fast
Modality: vibration

18
Q

meissners corpuscle

A

Fiber type: A beta
Location: superficial glabrous
Receptive field: small
Adaptation speed: fast
Modality: vibration

19
Q

hair follicle

A

Fiber type: A beta
Location: superficial skin (hairy)
Receptive field: small
Adaptation speed: fast
Modality: bending hair

20
Q

ruffinis endings

A

Fiber type: A beta
Location: deep, hairy skin
Receptive field: large
Adaptation speed: slow
Modality: pressure

21
Q

warm receptors

A

Fiber type: C
Location: superficial skin
Receptive field: small
Adaptation speed: fast
Modality: increased temp

22
Q

cold receptors

A

Fiber type: A gamma
Location: superficial skin
Receptive field: small
Adaptation speed: fast
Modality: decrease in temp

23
Q

mechanical nociceptor

A

Fiber type: A delta
Location: superficial skin
Receptive field: large
Adaptation speed: slow
Modality: intense pressure

24
Q

thermal nociceptor

A

Fiber type: A delta
Location: superficial skin
Receptive field: small
Adaptation speed: fast
Modality: intense hot or cold

25
Q

Polymodal nociceptors

A

Fiber type: C
Location: superficial skin
Receptive field: large
Adaptation speed: slow
Modality: many stimuli as they are polymodal

26
Q

Second pain activation

A

stimulated by glutamate and substance P release from C fibre activation

27
Q

hyperalgesia

A

when something hurts it hurts much more than it should

28
Q

Allodynia

A

what shouldn’t hurt now does

29
Q

paracrine pain mediators

A

Bradykinin
prostaglandins
substance P
CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide)
histamine
5-HT (serotonin?)

30
Q

nociception and temperature pathway

A

Ventrolateral spinothalamic pathway
-cross over in the spinal cord

31
Q

Convergence projection theory

A

Leads to referred pain from skin and visceral afferents synapsing in a similar location

32
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

burning sensation that occurs on it’s own by a light touch

33
Q

Central sensitization

A

increase of excitability and spontaneous discharge of the dorsal horn neurons with an associated increase in the receptive field of these neurons.
-causes hyperalgesia

34
Q

Central sensitization receptors

A

Primarily Glu receptor up regulation and thus increase of Ca2+ in the cell cause CS
-AMPA (Na channel)
-Kainate (Na channel)
-NMDA (Ca2+ channel)

35
Q
A

PHARM 204 (1 decks)

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