Pain Flashcards
4 common myths about pain
+ Pain increases as we age 
+ pain as a psychiatric issue made up in the patient’s head
+ taking opioid pain meds will lead to drug addiction in most individuals
+ addiction is the most serious adverse effect
What two parts of the nervous system make up an integrated pathway for pain
CNS and PNS
Where are pain receptors found
The peripheral and plates of afferent neurons
What are nociceptors
Afferent neurons, place where sensation of peripheral pain begins
What three things are considered noxious stimulus to Causing pain
+Mechanical stimuli
+ thermal stimuli
+ hormonal stimuli (prostaglandins)
Two types of nociceptors
+ A-Delta fibers: Small & fast traveling myelinated
+ C fibers: Slow unmyelinated
What influences pain
+ Physical component
+ emotional component
+ Inhibitory substances such as endogenous opioids, serotonin, norepinephrine
What are some non-pharmacological pain management techniques
+ Relaxation
+ guided imagery
+ positive self talk
+ music destruction
+ exercise
+ massage
What are three impacts from unrelieved/Unresolved pain in the body
+ Physiologic impact
+ quality of life impact
+ financial impact
Types of pharmacologic pain relief for mild to moderate pain
+ NSAIDs (Aspirin, ibuprofen, Aleve)
+ para aminophenols (acetominophen)
What is the maximum daily dose for acetaminophen
3000 mg a day for chronic use
What are the different controlled substance schedules, explain
+ schedule I – heroin LSD: high potential for abuse
+ Scheduled II - high potential for abuse: opioid analgesics like morphine
+ Schedule III – moderate abuse potential: Tylenol with Codeine, ketamine, anabolic steroids
+ Schedule IV - low potential for abuse: muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, sedatives, Xanax/Valium/Ambien
Schedule V – limited potential for abuse: anti-diarrheal, antitussives with small amounts of my contacts
Classifications of narcotic analgesics (3)
+ Opioid agonist/narcotic agonist: Opium derivatives, used to relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness
+ opioid antagonist/narcotic antagonist: Not pain meds, used to reverse actions – example naloxone
+ opioid agonist antagonist
Pharmacotherapeutic of morphine
Treats moderate to severe acute and chronic pain - pain associated with MI
Pharmacokinetics Of morphine
No subcut injections, morphine is irritating to suck a tissue
Adverse effects of morphine
+ Lightheadedness, dizzy, confusion, sedation, hypotension , and/V, constipation
+ respiratory depression
Precautions for using morphine
+ Elderly, acute/severe asthma
+ no ceiling effect – titrate slowly
Contra indications of morphine
Severe respiratory conditions, respiratory depression
How do you maximize therapeutic effects when treating pain
Assess pain prior to entering therapy:
+ P – provoking factor
+ Q – quality
+ R – radiate/relief
+ S – severity
+ T – timing, how long has it lasted, constant, intermittent?
How do you minimize adverse effects from pain treatments
+ Frequent ongoing assessments
+ PRN – best if dosed routinely to ensure constant blood levels
+ Narcan - antidote
+ Using pain scale
Morphine – teaching, assessment, a valuations
+ Teach the purpose of the therapy
+ stress importance of reading pain accurately
+ ongoing assessments and valuations
+ assess patient’s pain by using a pain scale
+ monitor for adverse effects
What is some CODEINE core drug knowledge
+ Pharmacotherapeutic‘s: treats mild to moderate pain
+ pharmacodynamics: attaches at specific opioid receptors to produce analgesia and sedation, Attaches directly on medullary cough center to depress cough reflex
