Pain

Question 1

What is pain?

Answer 1

unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
Pain is whatever the PATIENT SAYS!!!!!
Experience of pain is individualized

Question 2

What is acute pain?

Answer 2

sudden onset linked to specific injury or illness (surgery trauma, burns)
Subgroups- somatic and visceral

Question 3

What is visceral pain?

Answer 3

arises from within a body cavity like the thorax, abdomen and pelvis. (Endometriosis, bladder pain)

Question 4

What is somatic pain?

Answer 4

Sharp pain that is localized to a specific area of injury (Bone fracture, strained muscle, burn)

Question 5

What is chronic pain?

Answer 5

Pain lasting longer than six months; usually derived from underlying health conditions (cancer, osteoarthritis)
Subgroups- recurrent, intractable, benign, progressive, idiopathic

Question 6

What is Idiopathic Pain?

Answer 6

pain of unknown origin. This is the term healthcare providers use for chronic (long-term) pain, lasting 6 months or longer, that has no identifiable cause.

Question 7

What is recurrent pain?

Answer 7

exacerbation of pain that occurs in addition to otherwise stable persistent pain

Question 8

What is progressive pain?

Answer 8

pain that steadily worsens over time

Question 9

What is intractable pain?

Answer 9

constant debilitating pain that doesn’t go away.

Question 10

What is neuropathic pain?

Answer 10

your nervous system is damaged or not working correctly. Patient often describe this pain as burning, sharp and shooting (Sciatica, diabetic neuropathy)

Question 11

What is breakthrough pain (pain-flare)?

Answer 11

exacerbations of severe pain

Incident- brief and caused by voluntary action such as movement
End Dose Failure- episodes of pain occur before the next analgesic is due
Idiopathic- no known cause

Question 12

What is central pain?

Answer 12

neurological condition caused by damage to or dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord.

Question 13

what is phantom pain?

Answer 13

pain that feels like it’s coming from a body part that’s no longer there.

Question 14

What is psychogenic pain?

Answer 14

pain that is primarily caused by psychological factors, such as depression and anxiety

Question 15

Pain Assessment

Answer 15

Location- Ask patient to point to the area of pain on the body
Intensity - Ask patient to rate the intensity of the pain using reliable pain assessment tool
Quality- Ask the patient to describe how the pain feels (burning or shooting)
Onset/Duration- Ask the patient when the pain started, what activities were they performing when it began and if it constant or intermittent
Relieving Factors- What makes the pain better and what makes it worse

Question 16

what is physiological response to pain?

Answer 16

Increase HR, RR BP, sweating, pallor, anxiety, dilated pupils

Question 17

How often should the nurse assess for pain?

Answer 17

the nurse should ask the client about pain frequently and assess systemically

Question 18

When are analgesics typically used?

Answer 18

The client with a pain score above 5 qualifies for pain medication
A pain score below 5 is treat with non-pharma logical methods and NSAIDS
1. non-opioid
2. Opioid with NSAID
3. Opioid

Question 19

Risk Factors for Infants

Answer 19

Neonates- heel sticks, venipuncture and circumcision
Critically Ill Infants- multiple procedures
Infants/Toddlers - no cognitive skills or communication to verbalize, report and describe pain

Question 20

FLACC Pain Scale

Answer 20

Used for young children under the age of 2 yr., nonverbal, intubated
Face/ Legs/ Activity/Cry/ Consolability

Question 21

Risk Factor for Older Adults

Answer 21

Pain is NOT a normal part of aging
At risk for undertreatment of pain
Not able to report pain because of illness or cognitive impairment

Question 22

Other Populations at Risk

Answer 22

Women have lower pain threshold
Women have higher prevalence of chronic pain
Cultural or religious convictions pose a barrier to reporting pain
Military Veterans

Question 23

What are Barriers to Pain Control?

Answer 23

Regulations set forth by govt for controlled substances
Delay in giving pain medication
Prescribing only minimal amounts of pain medication to prevent misuse
Inadequate knowledge of pain management
POOR assessment of pain
Lack of availability of controlled substances

Question 24

What are Barriers to Pain Control?

Answer 24

Failure of patient to report pain
Patient not discussing pain due to worry of progression of disease
Believe pain is inevitable 
Believe pain bearing is “tough”
Cultural expectations not to report pain 
Want to be good
Fear of becoming an addict
Side effects
Financial barriers

Question 25

What are consequences for not treating pain?

Answer 25

Pain triggers stress response

Increased endocrine activity

Immune system is altered

Cardiovascular system affected

Changes in respiratory system occur

Question 26

What are pharmalogical interventions to help with pain?

Answer 26

Multimodal analgesia

1. non-Opioid
2. Opioid with NSAID
3. Opioid

Question 27

What are non-pharmalogical intervention to treat pain?

Answer 27

Meditation, distraction, lights, heat/cold, repositioning, guided imagery, relaxation breathing, hypnosis, pet therapy, prayer, music, dimming the lights, quiet atmosphere

Question 28

What intervention are used for Adolescent suffering from pain?

Answer 28

Give privacy
Provide choices
Distractions

Question 29

Wong- Baker FACES

Answer 29

6 faces ranging from no pain to worst pain

used in adults and children AS YOUNG as 3

Question 30

Comparative Pain Scale

Answer 30

Minor, Moderate and Severe