Pain Flashcards
nociceptive/somatic pain
related to tissue damage
neuropathic pain
related to direct injury to PNS or CNS
psychogenic
factors that influence a patients report of pain
idiopathic pain
without identifiable etiology
mixed pain
cancer pain, carpal tunnel, post-spinal surgery
4 A’s to monitor
Analgesia, activities of daily living, adverse effects, aberrant durg-related behaviors
transduction
activation of pain receptors
transmission
conduction of pain along 2 pathways
A delta fibers
myelinated, fast, localized, sharp, specific, distinct to the source of the pain
C-delta fibers
nonmyelinated, slow, poorly localized, burning, persistent
modulation
inhibition or modification of pain
pain threshold
point at which a person feels the pain
adaptation
decreased pain perception to stimuli
transduction - 1
stimuli cause cell damage with the release of chemicals- chemicals activate nociceptors and lead to generation of action potential
Transmission - 2
action potential continues from the site of injury to the spinal cord, spinal cord to the brainstem and thalamus, thalamus to cortex for processing
perception - 3
conscious experience of pain
modulation - 4
neurons originating in the brainstem descent to the spinal cord and release substances that inhibit nociceptive impulses
neuromodulators
naturally present morphine-like chemical regulators in the spinal cord or brain - endogenous
exogenous regulators of pain
medications, TENS, brain stimulus, cannabis
gate control theory
nerve fibers conduct and inhibit pain stimuli, gating mechanism determines impulses that reach the brain - closing the gate is a basis for non-pharm interventions
cutaneous pain
involves skin and subcutaneous tissue
somatic pain
diffuse pain that originates in tendons, ligaments, bones, blood vessels and nerves
visceral pain
organ pain, usually produced by a disease, occurs when organs stretch abnormally, become distended
Referred Pain
Pain that originates in one part of the body but is perceived in an area distant from its point of origin
