Pain

Question 1

nociceptive/somatic pain

Answer 1

related to tissue damage

Question 2

neuropathic pain

Answer 2

related to direct injury to PNS or CNS

Question 3

psychogenic

Answer 3

factors that influence a patients report of pain

Question 4

idiopathic pain

Answer 4

without identifiable etiology

Question 5

mixed pain

Answer 5

cancer pain, carpal tunnel, post-spinal surgery

Question 6

4 A’s to monitor

Answer 6

Analgesia, activities of daily living, adverse effects, aberrant durg-related behaviors

Question 7

transduction

Answer 7

activation of pain receptors

Question 8

transmission

Answer 8

conduction of pain along 2 pathways

Question 9

A delta fibers

Answer 9

myelinated, fast, localized, sharp, specific, distinct to the source of the pain

Question 10

C-delta fibers

Answer 10

nonmyelinated, slow, poorly localized, burning, persistent

Question 11

modulation

Answer 11

inhibition or modification of pain

Question 12

pain threshold

Answer 12

point at which a person feels the pain

Question 13

adaptation

Answer 13

decreased pain perception to stimuli

Question 14

transduction - 1

Answer 14

stimuli cause cell damage with the release of chemicals- chemicals activate nociceptors and lead to generation of action potential

Question 15

Transmission - 2

Answer 15

action potential continues from the site of injury to the spinal cord, spinal cord to the brainstem and thalamus, thalamus to cortex for processing

Question 16

perception - 3

Answer 16

conscious experience of pain

Question 17

modulation - 4

Answer 17

neurons originating in the brainstem descent to the spinal cord and release substances that inhibit nociceptive impulses

Question 18

neuromodulators

Answer 18

naturally present morphine-like chemical regulators in the spinal cord or brain - endogenous

Question 19

exogenous regulators of pain

Answer 19

medications, TENS, brain stimulus, cannabis

Question 20

gate control theory

Answer 20

nerve fibers conduct and inhibit pain stimuli, gating mechanism determines impulses that reach the brain - closing the gate is a basis for non-pharm interventions

Question 21

cutaneous pain

Answer 21

involves skin and subcutaneous tissue

Question 22

somatic pain

Answer 22

diffuse pain that originates in tendons, ligaments, bones, blood vessels and nerves

Question 23

visceral pain

Answer 23

organ pain, usually produced by a disease, occurs when organs stretch abnormally, become distended

Question 24

Referred Pain

Answer 24

Pain that originates in one part of the body but is perceived in an area distant from its point of origin

Question 25

Neuropathic pain

Answer 25

abnormal processing of sensory input by peripheral or central nervous system (treatment usually includes adjuvant analgesics)

Question 26

Nociceptive pain

Answer 26

normal processing of stimuli that damages normal tissues (responds to opioids)
Cutaneous-usually involves skin/sub-q
Somatic-well-localized, aching/throbbing, originates in musculoskeletal, blood vessels, nerves.
Visceral-poorly localized, originates in body organs