PAGS Flashcards

1
Q

Method determining gravity

A
  • Set up an electromagnet with a low voltage DC supply onto a clamp stand
  • Connect one light gate and data logger as close to the electromagnet as possible, and one at 0.75m
  • Turn on the electromagnet and attach a ball bearing
  • Switch off the electromagnet and time how long it takes for the bearing to fall between the light gates
  • Adjust the height of the lower light gate by moving it up 0.05m each time until it reached 0.25m
  • find the mean values of t for each value of h
  • plot a graph of 2h against t² so the gradient will equal g (s = ut+1/2at²)
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2
Q

Investigating terminal velocity

A
  • Wrap elastic bands around a cylinder of viscous liquid at set intervals measured by a ruler
  • Drop a ball bearing into the tube and record the time it takes to reach each band
  • Repeat the method to reduce the effect of random errors and use a strong magnet to remove the ball bearing from the bottom of the tube
  • Calculate the average time taken for the ball to travel between each consecutive band
  • Use the equation S=d/t to find the average velocity between each band
  • Plot a graph of velocity against time
  • Terminal velocity can be identified when the ball takes an equal amount of time to travel between the bands
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3
Q

Investigating springs in series and parallel

A
  • Set up a clamp stand attached to (n) springs in series/parallel attached to a 50g mass
  • Record the initial length of the springs and the number of springs in series or parallel (n)
  • Attach the mass and record the new length of the springs
  • Repeat with different values of n
  • Calculate the extension for each spring (new length-initial length)
  • Find the spring constant of the combination (Force/extension of n)
  • Total extension = sum of each individual springs extension
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4
Q

Determining resistivity

A
  • Measured the diameter across three points using a micro meter and calculate the mean diameter
  • Set up a power supply ammeter and voltmeter in parallel to the wire
  • Attach crocodile clips along the length of the wire at 10 cm using a meter rule
  • Read and record the current and volts
  • Switch the circuit on and off in between readings to prevent heating of components
  • Repeat this process by increasing the length by 10 cm every time until 80cm
  • Repeat the experiment to increase reliability and calculate the mean resistance using V = IR
  • Calculate the cross-sectional area of the wire using A = πd²/4
  • Plot a graph of resistance against length, the resistivity will be the gradient x cross-sectional area
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5
Q

Determining internal resistance

A
  • Set up a circuit with a battery, ammeter, variable resistor, switch and voltmeter in parallel to the battery
  • Set up the variable resistor to its maximum value
  • Close the switch and record the voltage from the volt meter and the current from the ammeter
  • Open the switch between readings to prevent heating
  • Repeat this method decrease the resistance of the variable resistor each time
  • Put the equation ε= V + Ir into the form y=mx+c and plot a graph of V against I
  • y-intercept = emf and the gradient = negative internal resistance
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6
Q

Using non-ohmic devices as sensors

A
  • Set up a circuit with a cell connected to an LDR and voltmeter in parallel to resistor
  • Record the value of light intensity using a digital light sensor
  • Record the voltage across the resistor for the light intensity
  • Using a lamp with a varying intensity increase the light intensity slightly and record the new value recorded by the sensor and record the voltage across the resistor
  • Repeat this process until light intensity cannot be increased any further
  • Plot a graph of voltage across the resistor and light intensity and draw a line of best fit
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