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Rapid Review pg 268 > Pages 268-230 > Flashcards

Pages 268-230 Flashcards

1
Q

Cushing syndrome

A
  • Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)

- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)

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2
Q

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus (T,T,T)

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3
Q

Cyanosis (late; more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

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4
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

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5
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

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6
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts

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7
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

Multiple sclerosis

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8
Q

DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulation)

A

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

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9
Q

Dietary deficit

A

Iron

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10
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

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11
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis (systolic)

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12
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)

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13
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. aureus, B. cereus

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14
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

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15
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

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16
Q

Heart murmur, congenital

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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17
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

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18
Q

Helminth infection (U.S.)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

[IgE]

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19
Q

Hematoma—epidural

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

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20
Q

Hematoma—subdural

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

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21
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, “bronze diabetes,” and

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22
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

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23
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

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24
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

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25
Q

HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis

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26
Q

HLA-DR3 or -DR4

A

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

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27
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

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28
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)

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29
Q

Hypertension, 2°

A

Renal Disease

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30
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

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31
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

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32
Q

Infection 2° to blood transfusion

A

Hepatitis C

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33
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase

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34
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

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35
Q

Kidney stones

A
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36
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

A

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

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37
Q

Liver disease

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

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38
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher disease

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39
Q

Male cancer

A

Prostatic carcinoma

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40
Q

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

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41
Q

Malignancy (kids)

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

42
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

43
Q

Metastases to brain

A

Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI

44
Q

Metastases to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

45
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

46
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

47
Q

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

48
Q

Myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

49
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

50
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change disease

51
Q

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

52
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia

A

Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

53
Q

Obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

54
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

55
Q

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

56
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus

57
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

58
Q

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

A

Pseudomonas, S. aureus

59
Q

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

60
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

61
Q

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

62
Q

Pancreatitis (acute)

A

Gallstones, alcohol

63
Q

Pancreatitis (chronic)

A

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

64
Q

Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML

A

ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult ∼ 65, CML: adult 30–60

65
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

66
Q

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)

A

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

67
Q

Pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma, somatotropic “acidophilic” adenoma

68
Q

1° amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome (45,XO)

69
Q

1° bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple myeloma

70
Q

1° hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

71
Q

1° hyperparathyroidism

A

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

72
Q

1° liver cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency)

73
Q

Pulmonary hypertension

A

COPD

74
Q

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels

A

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco) in extremities

75
Q

Renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

76
Q

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

77
Q

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

A
78
Q

S4 (presystolic gallop)

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

79
Q

2° hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

80
Q

Sexually transmitted disease

A

Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)

81
Q

SIADH [snydrome of inappropriate ADH secretion]

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

82
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

83
Q

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

84
Q

Stomach cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

85
Q

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

86
Q

t(14;18)

A

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

87
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)

88
Q

t(9;22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

89
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

90
Q

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

91
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

92
Q

Tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

93
Q

Tumor of infancy

A

Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

94
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

95
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

96
Q

Type of Hodgkin

A

Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

97
Q

Type of non-Hodgkin

A

Diffuse large cell

98
Q

UTI

A

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

99
Q

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

100
Q

Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)

A

Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

Rapid Review pg 268 (1 decks)

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