- Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy) - Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)

Pages 268-230 Flashcards by Zach Fredman

Cushing syndrome

Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)

- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cyanosis (early; less common)

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus (T,T,T)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cyanosis (late; more common)

VSD, ASD, PDA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Death in CML

Blast crisis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Death in SLE

Lupus nephropathy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dementia

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Demyelinating disease in young women

Multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulation)

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dietary deficit

Iron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Diverticulum in pharynx

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ejection click

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis (systolic)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Esophageal cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

S. aureus, B. cereus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gynecologic malignancy

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Heart murmur, congenital

Mitral valve prolapse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Helminth infection (U.S.)

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

[IgE]

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hematoma—epidural

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hematoma—subdural

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hemochromatosis

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, “bronze diabetes,” and

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hereditary bleeding disorder

von Willebrand disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hereditary harmless jaundice

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HLA-B27

Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis

HLA-DR3 or -DR4

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

Holosystolic murmur

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)

Hypertension, 2°

Renal Disease

Hypoparathyroidism

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

Hypopituitarism

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

Infection 2° to blood transfusion

Hepatitis C

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase

Intellectual disability

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

Kidney stones

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

Liver disease

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Lysosomal storage disease

Gaucher disease

Male cancer

Prostatic carcinoma

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

Hodgkin lymphoma

Malignancy (kids)

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

Metastases to bone

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

Metastases to brain

Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI

Metastases to liver

Colon >> stomach, pancreas

Mitochondrial inheritance

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

Mitral valve stenosis

Rheumatic heart disease

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Myocarditis

Coxsackie B

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

Minimal change disease

Neuron migration failure

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

Nosocomial pneumonia

Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Obstruction of male urinary tract

BPH

Opening snap

Mitral stenosis

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Osteomyelitis

S. aureus

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

Salmonella

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

Pseudomonas, S. aureus

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

Serous cystadenoma

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Pancreatitis (acute)

Gallstones, alcohol

Pancreatitis (chronic)

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML

ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult ∼ 65, CML: adult 30–60

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

Pituitary tumor

Prolactinoma, somatotropic “acidophilic” adenoma

1° amenorrhea

Turner syndrome (45,XO)

1° bone tumor (adults)

Multiple myeloma

1° hyperaldosteronism

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

1° hyperparathyroidism

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

1° liver cancer

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency)

Pulmonary hypertension

COPD

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco) in extremities

Renal tumor

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

Cor pulmonale

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

S4 (presystolic gallop)

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

2° hyperparathyroidism

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

Sexually transmitted disease

Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)

SIADH [snydrome of inappropriate ADH secretion]

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

Site of diverticula

Sigmoid colon

Sites of atherosclerosis

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

Stomach cancer

Adenocarcinoma

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

t(14;18)

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

t(8;14)

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)

t(9;22)

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

Temporal arteritis

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

Testicular tumor

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

Thyroid cancer

Papillary carcinoma

Tumor in women

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

Tumor of infancy

Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

Type of Hodgkin

Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

Type of non-Hodgkin

Diffuse large cell

UTI

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

HSV-1

Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)

Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)