page 8

Question 1

primo or prima

Answer 1

first

Question 2

quasi (Latin and Italian)

Answer 2

as if, almost

Question 3

rallentando or rall.

Answer 3

progressively slower

Question 4

rapido

Answer 4

fast

Question 5

religioso

Answer 5

religiously

Question 6

repente

Answer 6

suddenly

Question 7

restez (Fr)

Answer 7

stay; i.e.,remain on a note or string

Question 8

rinforzando (rf)

Answer 8

reinforced; i.e., emphasized; sometimes like a sudden crescendo, but often applied to a single note

Question 9

risoluto

Answer 9

resolutely

Question 10

ritardando, ritard.

Answer 10

slowing down; decelerating

Question 11

ritenuto, riten.

Answer 11

held back

Question 12

roulade (Fr)

Answer 12

a rolling; i.e., a florid vocal phrase

Question 13

rubato

Answer 13

robbed; i.e., flexible in tempo, applied to notes within a musical phrase for expressive effect

Question 14

saltando

Answer 14

bouncing the bow as in a staccato arpeggio, literally “jumping”

Question 15

sanft (Ger)

Answer 15

gently

Question 16

scherzando

Answer 16

playfully

Question 17

schnell (Ger)

Answer 17

fast

Question 18

schneller (Ger)

Answer 18

faster

Question 19

scordatura

Answer 19

out of tune; i.e., an alternative tuning used of the strings of a string instrument

Question 20

secco

Answer 20

dry

Question 21

sehr (Ger)

Answer 21

very

Question 22

sempre

Answer 22

always

Question 23

senza

Answer 23

without

Question 24

senza sordino

Answer 24

without the mute

Question 25

serioso

Answer 25

seriously

Question 26

sforzando or sfz

Answer 26

made loud; i.e., a sudden strong accent

Question 27

silencio

Answer 27

silence

Question 28

simile

Answer 28

similarly; i.e., continue applying the preceding directive, whatever it was, to the following passage

Question 29

smorzando or smorz.

Answer 29

dying away, extinguishing or dampening; usually interpreted as a drop in dynamics, and very often in tempo as well

Question 30

soave

Answer 30

smoothly, gently

Question 31

sostenuto

Answer 31

sustained

Question 32

sotto voce

Answer 32

under voice; i.e., softly and subdued, as if speaking under one’s breath