Page 5 - Formulating Hypotheses Flashcards
What is a hypotheses
Empirically Testable/falsifiable
Tentative Statement about proposed relationship between concepts of variables
*Causational hypotheses = cause-effect relationship
Tautological Errors
Circular Reasoning
Causal factor and result are the same
Teleological Errors
Timing of causation - causal factor does not preced the result
Higher/aggregate level of collection
Argument of creationists - God must have created the world because if is so complex now
Ecological Fallacy
Big to Small errors
Saying lower/aggregated level of collection explains a high/aggregated unit
Reductionism Fallacy
Small to big errors
Spurious Fallacy
Not a valid causational link
Likely result of a third variable/confounding
Required statistical analysis to determine
Order of Research
Initial Observation (Research Q) Generate Theory Generate Hypothese Collect Data to Test Theory Analyse Data
What is a hypothesis
Explanation for set of observations
Theory driven, narrow
Determines Direction and strenght of relationship
Experimental = can be supported (never proven)
Knowledge is a … process and involves …
Dynamic - Generation and investigation of multiple hypothese
A good hypothesis involves
Two or more variables Causal relationship Predictive Linke to previous research/theory Falsifiable
Null hypothese
No relationship between variables
Alternative Hypothese
Relationship between 2 or more variables
Directional Hypothesis
Relationship is specific direction (reguires 1 tailed analysis)
Non-directional
There is a relationship, but proposed not in a specific direction (two tailed analysis)
Previous research informs whether hypothese should be …
Directional or non-directional
