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Question 1

Class Actinopterygii
Subclass Neopterygii
Infraclass: Holostei

Answer 1

Order Amiiformes
Family Amiidae - bowfin

Order Lepisosteiformes
Family Lepisosteidae - gars

P1 and p2 primitive positions
Modified gas bladder

Question 2

Order Amiiformes

Answer 2

Bony gular plate in lower jaw/toothed 
Head covered with bony plates
C fin abbreviated/heterocercal
Anterior nostril tubular
Single elongate dorsal fin

Question 3

Order Lepisosteiformes

Answer 3

Heavy ganoid scales
C fin abbreviated - heterocercal 
Nasal openings at end of elongated snout- toothed
D fin placed back toward C fin
Poisonous eggs
Spiral valves present

Question 4

Class Actinopterygii
Subclass Neopterygii
Infraclass Teleosts
Elopomorpha

Answer 4

Order Elopiformes
Family Elopidae - lady fishes, ten pounders, tarpons

Order Albuliformes
Family Albulidae - bonefishes, halosaurs, spiny eels (notacanthids)

Order Anguilliformes
Family Muraenidae - moray eels, true eels

All larvae are leptocephalus except Anguilliformes
Otophysic connection

Question 5

Order Elopiformes

Answer 5

Small cycloid scales, no spines
Gular plate present
Last ray of D not elongated 
C deeply forked; a falcate
Numerous brachiostegal rays

Question 6

Order Albuliformes

Answer 6

Mouth inferior
D fin base short
Small gular plate
Maxilla toothless
Protrusible jaw

Question 7

Order Anguilliformes

Answer 7

Gill openings small, round
No lateral line
P1 and p2 absent - no C fins
Posterior nostril high on head
Long fang like teeth
Opercular pore

Question 8

Class Actinopterygii, Neopterygii, Teleosts
Subclass Otocephala

Answer 8

Order Clupeiformes
Family Clupeidae - herring and sardines
Family Engraulidae - anchovies

Non-bony otophysic connection
Fine, long gill rakers
Travel by schooling

Question 9

Order Clupeiformes

Family Clupeidae

Answer 9

Large, deciduous cycloid scales
Compressed laterally
Single D fin mid length of body
Small teeth or lacking in adults
Lateral line rarely developed 
Mid ventral scales form saw edge

Question 10

Order Clupeiformes

Family Engraulidae

Answer 10

Similar to clupeids
Large sub terminal mouth, overhung by snout
No lateral line
Origin of D fin behind p2 
Often lateral silvery stripe

Question 11

Class Actinopterygii, Neopterygii, Teleosts
Subclass Osteoglossomorpha

Answer 11

Order Osteoglossiformes
Family Osteoglossidae - bony tongues, Arawana, Arapaima
Family Notopteridae - old world knife fish
Family Mormyridae - elephant noses and whale fishes

Question 12

Order Osteoglossiformes

Family Osteoglossidae

Answer 12

Large silvery cycloid scales
Mouth oblique in Arawana
One or more fleshy barbels at lower jaw
Large eyes
Toothed parasphenoid

Question 13

Order Osteoglossiformes

Family Notopteridae

Answer 13

A fin long confluent with C fin
D small or absent
Long, curved maxilla
Non electric

Question 14

Order Osteoglossiformes

Family Mormyridae

Answer 14

Snout elongate, tubular, directed downward
Premaxillas fused into single medial bone
Caudally situated electric organs

Question 14

Teleosts
Euteleostei
Protacanthopterygii

Answer 14

Order Salmoniformes
Family Salmonidae - salmon, trout, whitefish

Order Argentiniformes (Osmeriformes)
Family Bathylagidae - deep sea smelts (Argentinoids)

Order Esociformes
Family Esocidae - pickerels, pikes, and muskellunge, mudminnows

Exclusive maxilla
Hypural plates combine with urostyle
Vertebrae more than 24 with 15 in trunk
No spines

Question 15

Order Salmoniformes

Family Salmonidae

Answer 15

Adipose fin 
Body ellipsoid, moderate snout, snout blunt, 
Small cycloid scales, many pyloric caeca
C fin truncate or forked
Fleshy appendage at base of p2

Question 16

Order Argentiniformes

Family Bathylagidae

Answer 16

Large eyes, small teeth, weak dentition
Large deciduous scales
Silver or black adipose fin present
Long A fin set far back 
2 branchiostegals

Question 17

Order Esociformes

Family Esocidae

Answer 17

Snout duck like, teeth sharp
A and D fins set far back
Body cylindrical
Scales cycloid with deep scalloped anterior edges
C fin forked