page 2 Flashcards
MEANS OF PERFORMING VENIPUNCTURE
● Syringe method
● Buttery infusion method
● Vacutainer/ETS method
EQUIPMENTS OR MATERIALS NEEDED
In general:
Cotton/Gauze Pad,
Tourniquet,
70% ethyl
alcohol,
needle disposal container
EQUIPMENTS OR MATERIALS NEEDED
For syringe method:
Syringe,
needles,
transfer device,
tubes
EQUIPMENTS OR MATERIALS NEEDED
For evacuated method:
Tube holder,
needles,
evacuated tubes
EQUIPMENTS OR MATERIALS NEEDED
For butterfly system:
winged infusion set
Portable transillumination devices
Vein locating Device
Inspecting the organ by passing light
through its walls
Transillumination
how VEIN LOCATING DEVICE work
: Hemoglobin in the blood within the veins
absorbs the light, causing the vein to stand out as dark
lines
Constrict the flow of blood and makes the vein more
prominent
TOURNIQUET
Flat trip, non-latex made material
TOURNIQUET
Buttery or Syringe collection
23 gauge
● Single sample needle
● Sterile and disposable
● Larger the gauge number = smaller needle bore and
length
● 20-21 g are commonly used
● Color coding for needles indicates the gauge
NEEDLES/HYPODERMIC
Can be reused
● 3-4 inches above puncture site (7.5-10cm)
● Not longer than one minute
● Blood pressure cuff (sphygmomanometer) for the obese,
pediatric, geriatric
tourniquet
● Ivs or Blood Donation
16 and 18 gauge
● Syringe or Evacuated system
collection
20, 21 or 22 gauge
Intramuscular injections
25g
PPD skin test
27g
yellow
20
green
21
black
22
blue
23
orange
25
brown
26
Needle length:
○1 or 1.5 inch
○½ to ¾ inches - buttery needle
Safety cap
“Fishingout“
Syringe barrel that slides over the needle
Device that slides over the needle after use
Syringe method
Fragile, thin, or “rolly” veins that tend to ___
collapse
● Glass or Plastic
● “ Breathing the syringe”
● “ The larger the syringe, the greater the amount of
vacuum obtained.”
SYRINGE
● 21g or 23 g
● ½ to ¾ inches
● Safety devices are sleeves that slides over the needle
● 5-12 inches rubber tubing
BUTTERFLY METHOD/SYSTEM
Used for infants and children and patients with fragile
veins (cancer patients)
● Could be connected to syringe or evacuated tubes
WINGED INFUSION SETS
must be vertical when tubes are being filled in order to prevent blood in the tube from touching the needle in the ____
TRANSFER DEVICE
Short needle with a thin tube with attached plastic wings
WINGED INFUSION SETS
___ inches rubber tubing
● 5-12 inches
● Multisample Needle/ Double-pointed
needle
● Tube holder/needle adapter/ plastic
holder
● Evacuated tubes
EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM
● Improper storage
● Opening the tube
● Dropping the tube
● Needle bevel partially out of skin
CAUSES OF
PREMATURE
LOSS OF
VACUUM
MULTI-SAMPLE NEEDLE SET/ DOUBLE POINTED
NEEDLE
● Both ends are sharp
● The tube end has a rubber cover to prevent leakage
between tubes
● 20,21,22 ( 21 and 22)
● Length: 1 to 1.5 inches Bevel (facing upward)
● Help place and remove tubes
● Has an indentation about ¼ inch
● Grasp the same way of holding the barrel of syringe
EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM
● Sodalime, Borosilicate glass or plastic
● Tubes are indicated by color of rubber stopper
(color-coded)
● With different additives or anticoagulant present
● Has vacuum inside
● Has expiration date
● Sterile
EVACUATED COLLECTION TUBES
EVACUATED COLLECTION TUBES
diameters
10,13,16 mm
Pulling air from the tube
● Draw exact volume of blood indicated
● Loss of vacuum: fail to properly ll with
blood
VACUUM
TRUE OR FALSE
Tubes do not fill blood all
the way to the stopper
true
● Preserve a specific blood constituent
● Used to improve sample quality or accelerate sample
processing
● Aid in the separation of serum from cell
TUBE ADDITIVES
Chelates or precipitates Calcium
● Inhibits thrombin activity
EDTA
Mix or Number of
Inversion
Citrate
3-4 x
● Interrupt the process of coagulation
● EDTA, Citrate, Heparin, Oxalates
ANTI
COAGULANTS
Most common
anticoagulants
used
●Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
(EDTA)
● Citrate
● Heparin
● Oxalate
● Prevents Glycolysis
● Sodium Fluoride
ANTI
GLYCOLYTIC
Mix or Number of
Inversion
EDTA and Heparin-
8x
Anticoagulants
with special use
Acid citrate dextrose- DNA testing,
HLA typing, transplant compatibility
● Citrate phosphate dextrose
● Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)
Combines calcium in a non-ionized
form
citrate
● Anti-coagulant
● Anti-complementary
● Anti-phagocytic
● Neutralizes aminoglycoside
(antibiotic)
sodium polyanethol sulfonate
inversions of sodium polyanethol sulfonate
8x
Forming weakly dissociated calcium
components
○Inhibits the glycolytic enzyme
enolase
flouride
● Combine with Calcium to form an
insoluble salt.
oxalates
● Acts as antithrombin and anti
thromboplastin
heparin
