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PAES 601 Flashcards

General Terms

1
Q

PAES 601:2016?

A

General Irrigation Terminologies

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2
Q

areas open for public entry such as golf courses, public and private parks,
playgrounds, schoolyards and playing fields, residential landscapes and industrial
park landscapes

A

access areas

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3
Q

volume of water stored in reservoir between the minimum water level and normal
water level

A

active storage

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4
Q

rate of evapotranspiration equal to or smaller than predicted crop evapotranpiration as
affected by the level of available soil water, salinity, field size or other causes

A

actual crop evapotranspiration

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5
Q

rise in maximum flood level from the original unobstructed flood level which result
after an obstruction to the flow such as a dam, has been introduced

A

afflux elevation

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6
Q

overgrowths of algae in water producing dangerous toxins in fresh or marine water

A

algal bloom

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7
Q

ratio of the average depth of irrigation water infiltrated and stored in the root zone to
the average depth of irrigation water applied

A

application efficiency

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8
Q

geologic formation which contains water and transmits it at a rate sufficient to be
economically developed for pumping artificially developed well

A

aquifer

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9
Q

cross-sectional area of the flow which is measured perpendicular to the direction of
flow

A

area

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10
Q

field that is level in all directions, encompassed by a dike to prevent runoff, and
provides an undirected flow of water onto the field

A

basin

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11
Q

type of surface irrigation where water is applied to the basin through a gap in the
perimeter dike or adjacent ditch; water is retained until it infiltrates into the soil or the
excess is drained off

A

basin irrigation

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12
Q

maximum average contact pressure between the foundation and the soil which should
not produce shear failure in the soil

A

bearing capacity

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13
Q

method of irrigation which makes use of parallel border strips where the water flows
down the slope at a nearly uniform depth

A

border irrigation

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14
Q

area of land bounded by two border ridges or dikes that guide the irrigation stream
from the inlet point of application to the ends of the strip

A

border strip

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15
Q

inclination or elevation drop per unit length of the channel bottom

A

channel bed slope

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16
Q

groundwater that is confined by relatively impermeable layer

A

confined aquifer

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17
Q

introduction of substances not found in the natural composition of water that make the
water less desirable or unfit for intended use

A

contamination

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18
Q

ratio between water received at the inlet for a block of fields to that released at the
project’s headwork

A

conveyance efficiency

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19
Q

loss of water from a channel during transport due to seepage and percolation

A

conveyance loss

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20
Q

depth of water flow where the energy content is at minimum hence, no other
backwater forces are involved

A

critical depth

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21
Q

ratio of the actual crop evpotranspiration to its potential evapotranspiration

A

crop coefficient

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22
Q

ratio of the actual crop evpotranspiration to its potential evapotranspiration

A

crop coefficient

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23
Q

rate of evapotranspiration of a disease-free crop growing in a large field (one or more
ha) under optimal soil conditions, including sufficient water and fertilizer and
achieving full production potential of that crop under the given growing environment;
includes water loss through transpiration by the vegetation, and vaporation from the
soil surface and wet leaves

A

crop evapotranspiration

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24
Q

sequence of different crops grown in regular order on any particular field or fields

A

cropping pattern

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25
Q

any barrier constructed to store water

A

dam

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26
Q

vertical distance from lowest point of the ground line to the dam crest

A

dam height

27
Q

volume below the intake structure; sediment volume based on 25 years of
accumulation in the reservoir

A

dead storage

28
Q

depth of water in the channel cross-section

A

depth

29
Q

actual height of the embankment after settlement

A

designed height

30
Q

maximum area which an irrigation project can serve considering the extent of arable
lands and the available water supply

A

design irrigable area

31
Q

numerical value on the uniformity of application for agricultural irrigation systems

A

distribution uniformity

32
Q

structure or weir provided across the river or creek to raise its water level and divert
the water into the main canal to facilitate irrigation by gravity

A

diversion dam

33
Q

the total quantity of water diverted from a stream, lake, or reservoir, or removed from
the ground in order to irrigate a crop

A

diversion water requirement

34
Q

trickle irrigation
involves dripping water onto the soil at very low rates (2-20 litres/hour) from the
emitters where water is applied close to plants so that only part of the soil in which
the roots grow is wetted

A

drip irrigation

35
Q

in-line canal structure designed to convey canal water from a higher level to a lower
level, duly dissipating the excess energy resulting from the drop in elevation

A

drop

36
Q

amount of rainwater that falls directly on the field and is used by the crop for growth
and development excluding deep percolation, surface runoff and interception

A

effective rainfall

37
Q

soil depth from which the bulk of the roots of the crop extracts most of the water
needed for evapotranspiration

A

effective rooting depth

38
Q

effective size

-particle diameter corresponding to a ____ sieve passing

A

10%

39
Q

discharges from known sources which is passed into a body of water or land, or
wastewater flowing out of a manufacturing plant, industrial plant including domestic,
commercial and recreational facilities

A

effluent

40
Q

any legal restriction or limitation on quantities, rates, and/or concentrations or any
combination thereof, of physical, chemical or biological parameters of effluent which
a person or point source is allowed to delivery into a body of water or land

A

effluent standard

41
Q

water conveying conduit or trough which is supported on abutments by piers

A

elevated flume

42
Q

spacing between emitters or emission points along a lateral line

A

emitter spacing

43
Q

applicator used in drip, subsurface, or bubbler irrigation designed to disspate pressure
and to discharge a small uniform flow or trickle of water at a constant rate that does
not vary significantly because of minor differences in pressure

A

emitters

44
Q

specific energy line

grade line of the water surface profile plus the velocity head in open channels

A

energy grade line

45
Q

provision for passing of equipment and small machinery

A

equipment crossing

46
Q

combination of water transpired from vegetation and evaporated from the soil, water,
and plant surfaces.

A

evapotranspiration

47
Q

channel which conveys irrigation water from the turnout to the paddy field

A

farm ditch

48
Q

dam component which prevents migration of small particles and screen off fine
materials that flow with seepage water and prevent piping

A

filter drain

49
Q

height of the embankment to be attained during construction

A

finished height

50
Q

amount of water to replenish the crop water requirement and losses less the effective
rainfall

A

farm water requirement

51
Q

additional height of the dam provided as a safety factor to prevent overtopping by
wave action or other cause

A

freeboard

52
Q

small parallel channels, made to carry water in order to irrigate the crop

A

furrows

53
Q

method of irrigation where water runs through small parallel channels as it moves
down the slope of the field

A

furrow irrigation

54
Q

small channel along one part of a field that is used for distributing water in surface
irrigation

A

head ditch

supply ditch

55
Q

dam composed of a single kind of embankment material exclusive for slope protection

A

homogeneous embankment

56
Q

ratio of flow area to the wetted top width

A

hydraulic depth

57
Q

profile of the free water surface

A

hydraulic grade line

58
Q

occurs when a thin sheet of incoming flow moving at high velocity strikes water of
sufficient depth

A

hydraulic jump

59
Q

cross-sectional area of flow divided by the wetted perimeter

A

hydraulic radius

60
Q

estimation of the chance or likelihood of occurrence of a given event by determining
the frequency curves of best fit to samples of hydrologic data

A

hydrologic frequency analysis

61
Q

inside slope

A

slope of the upstream face of the embankment

62
Q

inside bottom or sill of t the conduit

A

invert

63
Q

closed conduit designed to convey canal water in full and under pressure running
condition, to convey canal water by gravity under roadways, railways, drainage
channels and local depressions

A

inverted siphon

64
Q

time required to cover an area with one application of water

A

irrigation period

PAES (1 decks)

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