PAES 401 - HOUSING FOR SWINE PRODUCTION Flashcards
This standard specifies the minimum requirements for swine housing. It includes space requirement, feeding and watering facilities.
refers to a male breeding swine which is at least 8 months older
boar
place for piglets inside the farrowing pen
creep area
rate of removing undesirable or unproductive animals within the herd
culling rate
unbred sows which have just been weaned; non-pregnant sows
dry sows
act of giving birth in swine
farrowing
area in which a sow is confined during farrowing and lactation periods, but in which the sow can turn around
farrowing pen
device in which a sow is confined during farrowing and lactation periods and which prevents sow from turning around
farrowing stall/farrowing crate
swine raised for meat production usually starts at 15 kg
fattener
swine which are 66 kg and up
finisher
female swine that has not farrowed
gilt
swine from 40 to 65 kg
grower
piglets born in one farrowing
litter
piglets born in one farrowing
litter
average number of farrowings of one sow per year
litter index/farrowing index
number of days an animal stays in a pen
occupancy
any breeding female pig that has farrowed
sow
piglet that has been recently separated from its mother
weaner/weanling
In this system, the sows are removed when the piglets reach weaning age. The pigs remain in the same building from farrowing until they reach the desired weight for slaughtering.
one-unit system
The sows and piglets remain in the farrowing house until the piglets are weaned. The weanlings are transferred to a growing-finishing house.
two-unit system
The sows and piglets remain in the farrowing house until weaning. The weanlings are moved to a nursery house and finally to a growing-finishing unit where they stay until they are ready for slaughter.
three-unit system
The sows and piglets remain in the farrowing house until weaning. After weaning, piglets are moved to a nursery house, then to a growing house and finally to a finishing house until they are ready for slaughter.
four-unit system
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine - Up to 10 kg
0.11 m^2/animal
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine - 11 - 20 kg
0.20 m^2/animal
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine - 21 - 40 kg
0.35 m^2/animal
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine - 41 - 60 kg
0.50 m^2/animal
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine - 61 - 80 kg
0.70 m^2/animal
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine - 81 - 100 kg
0.85 m^2/animal
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine - Gilts up to mating
1.00 m^2/animal
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine - Adult in pigs in group
2.50 m^2/animal
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine - Gestating sows
1.20 m^2/animal
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine - Boar pens
7.50 m^2/animal
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine - Lactating sows and litters (Individual pens)
7.40 m^2/animal
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine - Lactating sows and litters (Multi-suckling groups)
5.60 m^2/animal
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine - Dry sows
1.80 m^2/animal
Roofing material should be made of ______
corrugated G.I. sheets and durable roofing
materials.
Roof should be equipped with _______ so that rainwater can be drained away separately.
gutters
The types of roof for swine housing are ________
- semi-monitor
- semi-shed
- monitor
- double span
- double shed
Ceiling height shall be at least _______ (optional)
2.4 m high
Building sidewalls shall have a minimum height of _________ and shall be made of durable
materials.
1 m
Concrete floors shall be paved on a well compacted gravel fills.
Solid floors
Floor shall be skid-resistant with ________ towards a gutter or drainage canal.
2% - 4 % slope
The direction of the slope shall be _________
away from the feeding trough.
Slotted floors should be made of _______. It shall be constructed to allow manure and urine to pass through.
concrete, plastic, metals or combination of such materials
Wood is not recommended as flooring material ________ may cause injury to swine.
because it is less durable, difficult to dry hence may
harbor pathogenic organisms, and wood splinters
Recommended slat width and spacing - Farrowing sows and piglets (up to 30 kg)
width of slat = 18 - 25 mm
slat spacing = 8 - 9 mm
Recommended slat width and spacing - Weaners
width of slat = 18 -25 mm
slat spacing = 10 - 14 mm
Recommended slat width and spacing - Finishers
width of slat = 60 - 100 mm
slat spacing = 10 - 20 mm
Recommended slat width and spacing - Sows, finishers and boars (over 100 kg)
width of slat = 80-125 mm
slat spacing = 10 - 25 mm
Recommended specification for concrete slat - Span of 1.20 m
Slat dimension (Reinforcing bar no. 3 (10mm)
top width = 120 mm; depth = 102 mm;
= 152 mm; = 102 mm
= 204 mm; = 102 mm
Recommended specification for concrete slat - Span of 1.80 m
Slat dimension (Reinforcing bar no. 4 (12mm)
top width = 120 mm; depth = 102 mm;
= 152 mm; = 102 mm
= 204 mm; = 102 mm
Recommended specification for concrete slat - Span of 2.40 m
Slat dimension (Reinforcing bar no. 4)
top width = 120 mm; depth = 127 mm;
= 152 mm; = 127 mm
= 204 mm; = 127 mm
Recommended specification for concrete slat - Span of 3.0 m
Slat dimension (Reinforcing bar no. 5 (14 mm)
top width = 120 mm; depth = 152 mm;
= 152 mm; = 152 mm
= 204 mm; = 152 mm
For swine under 20 kg, _______ shall be used. Supporting joists shall be _______. Expanded metal shall be treated to prevent corrosion. Sharp edges shall be avoided.
flattened expanded metal (20 mm, 9 –11 gauge);
spaced at 300 mm.
Welded wire flooring shall be made of ________ wire spaced at ________. It shall be supported every _______.
- 3 mm (5 gauge);
- 5 mm, 15 mm or 18 mm;
300 mm
Plastic flooring shall be coated with ________
rough surface
_________ should be used for creep areas in farrowing pens/crates and nursery.
Fiberglass reinforced T-slats
Slats shall be ________ and slots shall be ________. It shall be supported every ________.
38 mm wide;
9 mm;
600 mm
In case rearing pen is used, ________ should be provided on both sides of the pen. It should be fixed ________.
guardrail;
250 mm from the pen wall and 250 mm above the floor
Minimum farrowing crate dimension - Length
1.80 m
Minimum farrowing crate dimension - Width of stall
0.60 m
Minimum farrowing crate dimension -Width of creep
0.50 m
Minimum farrowing crate dimension - Height of stall
1.00 m
Minimum farrowing crate dimension - Height of creep
0.40 m
Weaners should be either penned in a ground pen or in an elevated nursery cages. These cages shall be provided with slatted floor with slot space clearance of ________.
10 - 14 mm
