Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3. Paediatrics > Paeds Oral Medicine 2 > Flashcards

Paeds Oral Medicine 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is geographical tongue?

A

Its a mucosal lesion of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe geographical tongue

A

This is a common tongue lesion where there is a benign change to tongue mucosa resulting in shiny red areas on the tongue with loss of filiform papillae and are surrounded by white regions (looks like a map)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is cause of geographical tongue?

A

not known but non contagious

entirely benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can geographical tongue be associated with?

A

Intense discomfort in children

discomfort to spicy foods, citrus foods but can also be to bland foods at times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If geographic tongue is sensitive what can be helpful?

A

Ruling out haemitinic deficiencies - folate, iron, vit b12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is management of geographical tongue?

A

Bland diet during flare ups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens with geographical tongue as we age?

A

It becomes less troublesome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are common causes of solid oral swellings?

A

Fibroepithelial polyp

Epulides

Congenital epulis

HPV associated mucosal swellings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a fibroepithelial polyp?

A

This is a common BENIGN lesion seen in kids that presents as a firm pink lump that can be pedunculate or sessile mainly in cheeks (along occlusal line), lips or tongue as these are easily traumatised areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are firboepithelial polyps generally found?

A

lips, tongue and cheeks at occlusal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes fibroepithelial polyps?

A

trauma is normally the cause - accidental biting or sharp tooth edges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Do fibroepithelial polyps cause pain?

A

no in general they don’t unless repeated trauma to polyp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can we treat fibroepithelial polyps?

A

surgical excision is curative measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why may fibroepithelial pulp tx be delayed?

A

If child can’t cooperate - GA isn’t normally considered and they are of benign nature so hard to justify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an epulides?

A

This is a common solid swelling of oral mucosa that presents as localised gingival enlargements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where do most epulides arise from?

A

Interproximal dental tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are epulides related to?

A

chronic irritation particularly in the presence of calculus or plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 main types of epulides?

A

Fibrous epulis

pyogenic granuloma

peripheral giant cell granuloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the shared features of the 3 types of epulides?

A

most occur anterior to molar teeth

more common in maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do we manage epulides?

A

Surgical excision and manage and identify exacerbating factors

they tend to recur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a fibrous epulis?

A

this is a pedunculated or sessile mass that has a firm consistency that is similar colour to surrounding gums

it has an inflammatory cell infiltrate and fibrous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does fibrous epulis look like?

A

fibroepithelia polyp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma/pregnancy epulis

A

These are both vascular epulis that are clinically and histologically identical but difference is whether pt is pregnant or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the appearance of

pyogenic granuloma/pregnancy epulis

A

soft deep red/purple swelling that is often ulcerated and haemorrhages spontaneously or with mild trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What arepyogenic granuloma/pregnancy epulis a reaction to?

A

chronic trauma - calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

If a pt has a pregnancy epulis how do we manage this?

A

in pregnancy there is a tendency for spontaneous regression or decrease in size and assume features of a fibrous epulis after baby born so we tend to leave until baby is born to excise it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a peripheral giant cell granuloma?

A

this is a pedunculated or sessile swelling that is usually dark red and ulcerated which arises in IP area and has hour glass shape - buccal and lingual swelling with narrow middle section between teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What may radiographs show in peripheral giant cell granulomas?

A

Superficial erosion of inter dental bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Why must be radiographs be taken in case of peripheral giant cell granulomas?

A

To rule out central giant cell lesion that has perforated the cortex (will present similar to peripheral swelling)

30
Q

What is a congenital epulis?

A

this is a rare lesion that occurs in neonates

congenital gingival granular cell tumour in incised area of maxilla

31
Q

What does congenital epulis affectt more and where?

A

Females

incisal area of maxilla

32
Q

How do we cure congenital epulis?

A

sURGICAL EXCISION

33
Q

What are some HPV associated swellings?

A

Verruca vulgaris

squamous cell papilloma

34
Q

What is verruca vulgaris?

A

These are single or multiple intra oral lesions that can be associated with skin warts and are seen on k tissue - gums and palate

35
Q

What causes verruca vulgaris?

A

hpv 2 and 4 - common in skin warts

36
Q

What is squamous cell papilloma?

A

This is a small pedunculated cauliflower like growths, benign that can be pink to white in colour and are usually on their own

37
Q

What causes squamous cell papilloma?

A

hpv 6 and 11

38
Q

What are some fluid swellings?

A

mucoceles

rankles

boons nodules

epstein nodules

39
Q

What is a mucocele?

A

cyst that arises in connection with minor salivary glands

40
Q

What are the two types of mucocele?

A

Mucous extravasation cysts which is where normal secretions rupture into adjacent tissue

mucous retention cyst - this is where secretions are retained in an expanded duct

41
Q

What do mucoceles look like?

A

Blue soft transparent cystic swellings that can affect minor or major saliva glands

42
Q

What do mucoceles affect most?

A

lower lip minor saliva glands

43
Q

What causes mucoceles?

A

Minor trauma such as lip biting causing damage to duct or gland

44
Q

When do we do surgery for mucoceles?

A

if fixed in size as will likely damage adjacent glands leading to recurrence

45
Q

What does surgical excision of mucocele involve?

A

removal of cyst and adjacent damaged minor salivary gland

46
Q

What is a ranula?

A

mucocele in floor of mouth that resembles a frogs belly

47
Q

What can a radula arise from?

A

Minor saliva glands or ducts of sublingual/submandib gland

48
Q

Why do we do ultrasound or Sri of ranula?

A

To exclude plunging ranula - sometimes it can extend through the fom into submittal or submandibular space

49
Q

What is a plunging ranula?

A

ranula that extends through fom into submental or sumbmandib space

50
Q

What are ranulas occasionally found to be?

A

Bening tumour of lymphatics

51
Q

What are bohns nodules?

A

benign cysts that are seen on alveolar ridge in neonates - they are filled with keratin and are remnants of dental lamina

52
Q

Advice to parents about bohns. nodules?

A

They will usually disappear in early months - 3 months of life

53
Q

What are Epstein pearls?

A

these are small cystic lesions that are found along the palatal mid line

54
Q

What are Epstein pearls though to be?

A

trapped epithelium in the palatal raphe

55
Q

Advice on Epstein pearls?

A

Dissapears in first few weeks and occur in majority 80% of neonates

56
Q

What is TMJDS characterised by? 3

A

pain

masticatory muscle spasm

limited jaw opening

57
Q

How do we take a TMJDS history?

A

When did symptoms begin?

What symptoms?

Is pain ever worse at certain times?

exacerbating factors?

habits?

stress?

58
Q

What are some symptoms of tmjds?

A 
pain 
swelling
clicking 
cracking 
limited jaw opening 
locked jaw
generalised facial discomfort 
ear ache
numbness over masseter
59
Q

What might worse tmjd pain in morning suggest?

A

nocturnal clenching

grinding habit

60
Q

How do we ask about stress in tmjd?

A

Ask if any stress in life - pending exams, death, divorce?

61
Q

What should extra oral exam include?

A

Palpate the muscles of mastication both at rest and when teeth are clenched to assess any tenderness or hypertrophy

palpate TMJ at rest and when opening and closing to assess tenderness and presence of a click or crepitus

Assess opening of jaw - check for any deviations and extend of opening

62
Q

What is normal mouth opening?

A

40-50mm

63
Q

How do we do do intra oral TMJDS exam?

A

Assess for any dental wear facets

look for signs of clenching and grinding

64
Q

What are signs of clenching and grinding?

A

Scalloped lateral tongue surface

buccal mucosa ridges

65
Q

How do we explain tmjds?

A

It is normally due to muscles being overworked and misused - its very similar to doing leg exercises where you will feel pain the next day and may need to alter how you walk to ease the pain - this happens with the jaws

66
Q

What happens if jaw muscles are overworked?

A

they will be sore and not be able to function correctly which an result in alteration how how jaw is used which can make the problem worse

67
Q

How do we manage overworked jaw muscles?

A

Rest and relive exacerbating factors

68
Q

How can we reduce exacerbating factors?

A

by managing stress - relaxation, mindfulness, yoga

avoid habtits like clenching, chewing gum, nail biting or leaning on jaw

69
Q

How do we allow over worked muscles to rest?

A

avoid opening wide
cut food up small
eat on both sides of mouth
avoid incising food which requires anterior movement of mandible and stretching of muscles

70
Q

How do we get symptomatic relief of tmjd?

A

ibuprofen - anti inflam action

alternating use of hot and cold packs

small gap must remain between teeth except when eating and swallowing

3. Paediatrics (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions