Paeds Ophthalmology Flashcards
1
Q
Types of refractive error with treatment
A
- myopia: short sightedness
Tx: concave lens/minus lens - hyperopia: long sightedness
Tx: convex lens/plus lens - astigmatism: cornea/lens not spherical
Tx: cylindrical lens
2
Q
Presentation of refractive error
A
- squeezing eyes
- squint/strabismus
- headache
- tearing
- complains of tired eyes
3
Q
Complication refractive error if untreated
A
- amblyopia (lazy eye)
4
Q
Types of strabismus
A
- convergent squint/esotropia: eyes deviated inwards
- divergent squint/exotropia: eyes deviated outwards
5
Q
Causes of squint
A
- muscle imbalance
- refractive errors
6
Q
Signs of strabismus
A
- reduced visual acuity
- abnormal head posture
7
Q
Treatment of amblyopia
A
- glass for refractive error
- surgery for cataract or ptosis
- patching therapy: close the good eye to encourage vision development in lazy eye (wear for 2-6 hours). Perform until 7 years old only.
8
Q
Causes of cloudy cornea
A
- congenital glaucoma
- corneal dystophy
- birth trauma
- chemical injury
9
Q
Features of congenital glaucoma
A
- poor vision
- reduced red reflex
- tearing
- buphthalmos (large eye)
- photophobia
- optic disc cupping
10
Q
Complication of congenital glaucoma (if left untreated)
A
raised IOP that damages optic disc -> glaucomatous cupping -> optic atrophy
11
Q
Differential dx for leucocoria
A
RCCPP
R- retinoblastoma
C- congenital cataract
C- coat’s ds
P- persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV)
P- retinopathy of prematurity
12
Q
Incidence of retinoblastoma
A
- mostly bilateral
- 90% < 3y
13
Q
Features of retinoblastoma
A
- leucocoria
- strabismus
- poor vision
- orbital inflammation: redness, pain
- retinal detachment: exudative
14
Q
Retinoblastoma on fundoscopic
A
- yellow cheesy material
- calcification
15
Q
Etiology of cataract
A
- idiopathic
- traumatic
- ocular: aniridia, ROP
- systemic ds: torches infection, galactosaemia, hypoglycemia
- drug related: steroids
