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Year 4 (Specialties) > Paeds (Infection and Immuno) > Flashcards

Paeds (Infection and Immuno) Flashcards

1
Q

Measles

A

Prodrome: irritable, conjunctivitis, fever, Koplik spots (white spots “grain of salt” on buccal mucosa)

Rash: starts behind face (ears) then spreads to whole body, discrete maculopapular rash becoming blotchy and confluent and koplik spots (white papules on the buccal mucosa that often present before the rash)

High fever, cough, coryza, irritability, red eyes and poor appetite.

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2
Q

Vaccination schedule: 2 months

A

5in1- DTaP/IPV(polio)/Hib
PCV (pneumococcal)
Rotavirus

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3
Q

Vaccination schedule: 3 months

A

5in1- DTaP/IPV(polio)/Hib 2nd dose
Men C
Rotavirus 2nd dose

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4
Q

Vaccination schedule: 4 months

A

5in1- DTaP/IPV(polio)/Hib 3rd dose

PCV (pneumococcal) 2nd dose

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5
Q

Vaccination schedule: 12-13 months

A

Hib/Men C booster
MMR
PCV (pneumococcal) 3nd dose

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6
Q

Vaccination schedule: 2, 3, 4 yrs plus years 1 + 2 school

A

Flu vaccine

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7
Q

Vaccination schedule: From 3 yrs 4 months up to year 1 school

A

MMR 2nd dose

4 in 1 pre-school booster - DTaP/IPV

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8
Q

Vaccination schedule: 12- 13 yrs girls

A

HPV

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9
Q

Vaccination schedule: 13-18 years

A

3in1 booster - TD/IPV

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10
Q

Vaccination schedule: 13-15 years

A

Men C booster

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11
Q

Chicken pox

A

Initial mild flu-like symptoms
Itchy, pustular rrash, starting on head/trunk before spreading.
Initially macular then papular then vesicular

The infection may spread from about 2 days before appearance of rash. They remain infectious for roughly 5-7 days after the appearance of the rash and until the last lesions have burst and crusted over.
Incubation period : 10-21 days

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12
Q

Incubation period

A

period of time between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the first symptoms.

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13
Q

Common complications of measles

A

common: otitis media, pneumonia
uncommon: bronchitis, Encephalitis, meningitis

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14
Q

Common complication of mumps

A

Orchitis (nflammation of the testes)

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15
Q

Scarlett fever

A
  • sandpaper rash (facial sparing)
  • swollen “strawberry” tongue
  • rash starting on abdomen and spreading to back and limbs
  • lymphadenopathy.

Mx:

  • 10-day course of penicillin V for an underlying group-A strep
  • advised to stay off school for 24h after starting the antibiotics
  • and public health should be notified.
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16
Q

Kawasaki disease

A 
4/5 features with fever for >5 days:
Bilateral conjunctivitis
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Polymorphic rash
Cracked lips/strawberry tongue
Oedema/desquamation of the hands/feet

Complications
coronary artery aneurysm- screened via echo

17
Q

Pityriasis rosea

A
  • related to HHV 7
  • self-limiting rash 6-12 weeks
  • recent viral infection- herald patch (usually on trunk)
    followed by erythematous, oval, scaly patches which follow a characteristic distribution with the longitudinal diameters of the oval lesions running parallel to the line of Langer. [‘fir-tree’ appearance]
18
Q

Mx of measles infection

A

supportive care- antiprexial

vitamin A if >2y

19
Q

Glandular fever

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

positive ‘Paul Bunnell’ test

Clinical features: sore throat, flu-like symptoms, fatigue and cervical lymphadenopathy

20
Q

Mx bacterial meningitis

A

<3 months old:
- Antibiotics: IV ampicillin/amoxicillin + cefotaxime
>3 months old:
- IV ceftriaxone

  • If shocked: fluid bolus of 20 ml/kg sodium chloride 0.9% over 5–10
  • if signs of raised ICP - dexamethasone
21
Q

1st line Mx impetigo

A
  • topical fusidic acid

- school exclusions until lesions have crusted over

22
Q

Advice on infection for pt with slapped cheek syndrome

A

Once the rash appears, children are no longer infectious.

23
Q

Advice on infection for pt with Scarlett fever

A

Children remain infectious until 24 hours after the first dose of antibiotics.

24
Q

Management of croup

A

acronym ODA

Oxygen (humidified)
Dexamethasone PO 0.15g/kg or budesonide neb 2mg
Severe: Adrenaline nebulised (5ml 1:5000) (0.4ml/kg

25
Q

Acute epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenze B
inspiratory stridor, extremely painful throat

Mx- emergency, secure airway

26
Q

Acute parvovirus in pregnancy is associated with

A

hydrops fetalis

27
Q

Acute varicella in pregnancy is associated with

A

limb defects

28
Q

Acute CMV is associated with

A

cerebral palsy

29
Q

Acute rubella is associated with

A

cataracts

30
Q

Acute toxoplasmosis is associated with

A

choroidoretinitis

31
Q

Glandular fever is diagnosed with

A

a monospot test

32
Q

Parvovirus is diagnosed on

A

serology

Year 4 (Specialties) (15 decks)

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