Paeds developmental milestones Flashcards
What are the four domains of development?
Gross motor
Fine motor
Language and speech
Social skills
What are some gross motor skills?
Head lag
Position
Sitting
Walking
Running
What are some fine motor skills?
Use of hands
Grasp/ fine pincer
Bricks
Crayon
Puzzle
What are some language and speech skills?
Vocalisation
Words
Understanding
What are some social skills?
Social interactions
Stranger danger
Eating skills
Dressing
In what order do gross motor skills develop and why?
Head to toe. Myelination occurs that way
At 12 months, what should the average baby be able to do?
Stand unsupported
Pincer grip
Mama/dada/no
Fear strangers
At 18 months, what should the average baby be able to do?
Stack 2 blocks
Walk without help
Anxious separated from parents
Know 6-12 words
Scribble
At 2 years, what should the average baby be able to do?
Link two words into sentences
Understand 2 step commands
At 3 years, what should the average baby be able to do?
Use a tricycle
3 word sentences
Constantly talk
Define primitive reflex
involuntary motor responses originating in the brainstem present after birth
When should primitive reflexes be absent?
After 6 months
Name some primitive reflexes
Moro (sudden head drop- arms outstretched)
Stepping
Rooting
Palmar and plantar grasp
Atonic neck (fencing posture)
What gross motor skills to look for in newborn?
limited flexed, symmetrical position
marked head lag on pulling up
What gross motor skills to look for in 6-8 week infant?
raises head to 45 deg
What gross motor skills to look for in 6-8 month old infant?
Sit without support at 6m with rounded back and 8m with straight back
What gross motor skills to look for at 8-9 months?
Crawling
Gross motor skills at 10 months?
Cruises around furniture
Gross motor skills at 12 months
walks unsteadily, broad gait, hands apart
Gross motor skills at 15 months
Walks steadily
Average age to walk independently
12 months (18 month limit)
Limit to walk independently
18 months
Average age to stand with support
10 months
Limit age stand with support
12 months
Average age sit unsupported
6 months curved back
8 months straight back
Limit age to sit unsupported
9 months
Average age head control
1 month
Limit age head control
4 months
What must you be careful of when testing for vision and fine motor skills?
The object should not make any noise when moving
Vision/ fine motor skills at 6 weeks
follows moving object or face by turning head
Vision/ fine motor skills at 4 months
Reaches out for toys
Vision/ fine motor skills at 4-6 months
Palmar grasp
Vision/ fine motor skills at 7 months
transfers toys from one hand to another
Vision/ fine motor skills at 10 months
mature pincer grip
Vision/ fine motor skills at 16-18 months
Makes marks with crayon
Vision/ fine motor skills at 14 months to 4 years
Tower of 3 : 18 months
Tower of 6: 2 years
Tower of 8/ train with 4 bricks : 2.5 years
Bridge from a model: 3 years
Steps (after demonstration) : 4 years
Vision/ fine motor skills at 2-5 years
line : 2 years
circle: 3 years
cross: 3.5 years
square: 4 years
triangle: 5 years
ability to draw independently, can copy 6 months earlier
Average age to fix and follow
6 weeks
Limit age to fix and follow
3 months
Average age to reach
4 months
Limit age to reach
6 months
Average age to transfer
7 months
Limit age to transfer
9 months
Average age to pincer grip
10 months
Limit age to pincer grip
12 months
What case should hearing be tested?
Child with language delay
Hearing, speech, language expected for newborn
startles to loud noises
Hearing, speech and language in 3-4 months
vocalises alone or when spoken to, coos and laughs
Hearing, speech and language at 7 months
turns to soft sounds out of sight
Hearing, speech, language at 7-10 months
7 months: sounds used indiscriminately
10 months: sounds used discriminately to parents
Hearing, speech, language at 12 months
2/ 3 words other than ‘dada’ and ‘mama’
Hearing, speech, language at 18 months
6-10 words, shows 2 parts of the body
Hearing, speech, language in 20-24 moinths
uses 2 or more words to make simple phrases
Hearing, speech, language in 2.5 to 3 years
talks constantly in 3-4 word sentences
Average age polysyllabic babble
5 months
Limit age polysyllabic babble
7 months
Limit age consonant babble
10 months
Limit age saying 6 words with meaning
18 months
Limit age joining words
2 years
Limit age 3 word sentences
2.5 years
Social, emotional and behavioural skills at 6 weeks
smiles responsively
social, emotional, behavioural skills at 6-8 months
puts food in mouth
social, emotional and behavioural skills in 10-12 months
waves bye-bye, plays peek-a-boo
social, emotional, behavioural skills in 12 months
drinks from a cup with 2 hands
social, behavioural, emotional skills in 18 months
holds spoon and gets food safely to mouth
social, emotional, behavioural skills in 18-24 months
symbolic play
social, emotional, behavioural skills in 2 year old
dry by day, pulls off some clothing
social, emotional, behavioural skills in 2.5 year to 3 year old
parallel play, interactive play evolving, takes turns
average age to smike
average age to smike
average age to smile
6 weeks
limit age to smile
8 weeks
average age to feed strangers
7 months
limit age to fear strangers
10 months
limit age to feed self/spoon
18 months
average age to symbolic play
1.5 to 2 years
limit age to symbolic play
2 to 2.5 years
average age to interactive play
2.5 to 3 years
limit age to interactive play
3 to 3.5 years
different types of delays in progression
slow but steady
plateau
regression
acute insult
types of delay
global: all domains
specific: language, motor, sensory, cognitive
causes of global delay
chromosomal abnormalities
metabolic
causes of specific delay
motor (cerebral palsy)
hearing loss
