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Some things > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Features of a diaphragmatic hernia in kids

A

Left-sided herniation, scaphoid abdomen.

Treated with NG tub + surgery +- fetoscopic endotracheal balloon occlusion

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2
Q

Type of cerebral palsy in kids with kernicterus

A

Choreoathetoid cerebral palsy

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3
Q

What is the pierre robin sequence?

A

midline soft palate cleft + posterior displacement of tongue + micrognathia

Needs to be placed prone if obstructing

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4
Q

Name three important physical features of congenital hypothyroidism

A
  1. Coarse face
  2. Large tongue
  3. Hoarse cry
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5
Q

Three things which can cause a “jittery” baby?

A
  1. Hypoglycaemia
  2. Hypocalcaemia (because of nerve hyper-excitability)
  3. Withdrawal from maternal drug and/or alcohol use
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6
Q

When does suckling reflex develop?

A

At 34/40

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7
Q

You see a neonate with ground glass appearance on CXR, there is also an air bronchogram, what could this be?

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

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8
Q

What is the definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

A

An infant requiring oxygen after 28 days following birth or after 36/40

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9
Q

Name of the ring of iris pigment in Down’s syndrome babies?

A

Brushfield spots

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10
Q

Which cardiac syndrome do you get in Noonan’s syndrome?

A

Most common issue is pulmonary stenosis

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11
Q

What is the mode of inheritance of Friedrich’s ataxia?

A

Autosomal recessive

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12
Q

How do you diagnose micro-deletion conditions?

A

With fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH)

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13
Q

How do you diagnose conditions where there is a known protein? For example, an auto-antibody or a bacterial/viral protein?

A

ELISA

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14
Q

What are the features if William’s syndrome? In particular, whats the cardiac defect they get?

A

Elfin appearance, small ears, stellate eyes

They get supra-aortic stenosis

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15
Q

Name the particular developmental red flags at the following break points:

8 weeks

6 months

9 months

10 - 12 months

12 months

18 months

2.5 years

4 years

A

8 weeks - not smiling yet

6 months - hand preference, a squint, persistence of primitive reflexes

9 months - not sitting up

10 - 12 months - no double syllable babble, no pincer grip (12m)

12 months - not weight bearing through legs

18 months - not walking or standing independently

2.5 years - no 2/3 word sentences

4 years - incomprehensible speech

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16
Q

Management of transposition of the great arteries?

A

O2 and prostaglandin infusion to maintain PDA

Then

Balloon atrial septostomy/pulmonary arterial banding as an emergency to help blood mix in their heart

Then

Arterial switch operation

17
Q

Difference in heart pathology between Noonan’s and Turners?

A

In Noonan they get pulmonary stenosis

In Turners they get aortic co-arctation

18
Q

ECG abnormality associated with aortic stenosis?

A

Downgoing T wave

19
Q

What is the treatment of cow’s milk allergy?

A

Tell mum to stop drinking milk if severe, and try hydrosylate formula for 2 weeks

20
Q

What are the conditions that you can treat with ursodeoxycholic acid?

A
  1. Inborn errors of bile synthesis (mass spec will show raised cholenoic bile acids in URINE)
  2. Maternal cholestasis
  3. Cystic fibrosis which causes liver disease
  4. Itching in liver disease causing cirrhosis
21
Q

What is the management of ophthalmia neonatorum?

A

Usually N gonorrhoea -> so give ceftriaxone (single dose IM/IV)

Then saline eye irrigation and antibiotic drops (bacitracin)

22
Q

What is the management of toxic shock syndrome?

A

Caused by staph a or strep pyogenes (group A b haemolytic strep) -> so give cephalosporin and clindamycin

23
Q

What is the management of cradle cap?

A

Emollients/olive oil
Topical corticosteroids
Salicylic acid ointment/sulphur

24
Q

What is the management of scabies?

A

5% permethrin or 0.5% malathion

25
Q

What is the management of infantile spams

A

ACTH/pred
and
Vigabatrin

26
Q

First line for migraines?

A

Paracetamol

27
Q

Clinical difference between NF1 and NF2?

A

• Type 1
o Autosomal dominant, highly penetrant.
o Diagnostic criteria include presence of cafe au lait spots, neurofibromas (firm nodular overgrowth of a nerve), axillary freckles, Lisch nodule (hamartoma of iris seen on slit-lamp), bony lesions, first degree relative with NF.
o Cutaneous features become more apparent during puberty.
• Type 2 - Bilateral acoustic neuromas → deafness + cranial nerve compression. These are found in the cerebellopontine angle.

28
Q

Which drug can help preserve mobility in Duchenne?

A

Prednisolone

29
Q

What is not raised in dermatomyositis? ;)

A

The ESR lol

30
Q

What can be added to blood to create sickled cells in people with HbSS?

A

Sodium metabisulfide

Some things (3 decks)

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