paeds

Question 1

jaundice in first 24hrs of lif

Answer 1

always pathological

Causes of jaundice in the first 24 hrs
rhesus haemolytic disease
ABO haemolytic disease
hereditary spherocytosis
glucose-6-phosphodehydrogenase

Question 2

when is jaundice in babies normal

Answer 2

2-14 days is common

Question 3

what is prolonged jaundice

Answer 3

signs of jaundice after 14 days (21 days if premature)
Causes of prolonged jaundice
biliary atresia
hypothyroidism
galactosaemia
urinary tract infection
breast milk jaundice
jaundice is more common in breastfed babies
mechanism is not fully understood but thought to be due to high concentrations of beta-glucuronidase → increase in intestinal absorption of unconjugated bilirubin
prematurity
due to immature liver function
increased risk of kernicterus
congenital infections e.g. CMV, toxoplasmosis

Question 4

measles vs rubella diffeences

Answer 4

Measles - x2E’s = Starts behind Ears.
Rubella - x2 L’s = Lymphadenopathy

Question 5

which pathogen causes responsible for causing scarlet fever

Answer 5

Group A haemolytic streptococci

Question 6

hyperinflation and fluid in the horizontal fissure on CXR ===? in a new born

Answer 6

transient tachpnoea and tx = supportive care and observe

Question 7

how to remember aut dom vs aut recessive inherited conditions

Answer 7

Autosomal recessive conditions are ‘metabolic’ - exceptions: inherited ataxias

Autosomal dominant conditions are ‘structural’ - exceptions: Gilbert’s, hyperlipidaemia type II

Question 8

Hirschprung’s disease management

Answer 8

Hirschprung’s disease is rectal washouts/bowel irrigation
common in downs syndrome kids

Question 9

Absence of ganglion cells in the submucosa is diagnostic for????

Answer 9

hirschprungs disease

Question 10

transmission pattern of x linked conditions eg haempphilila

Answer 10

NO male-male transmission

Affected males can only have unaffected sons and carrier daughters.

Question 11

Shaken baby syndrome triad

Answer 11

Retinal haemorrhages, subdural haematoma and encephalopathy

Question 12

patau syndrome which chromosome

Answer 12

trisomy 13

Microcephalic, small eyes
Cleft lip/palate
Polydactyly
Scalp lesions

Question 13

how to remember edwards syndrome + pataus

Answer 13

Edward’s because sparkly vampire Edward is “forever 18”
patau - polydactyly, can count to 13 on hands

Question 14

innocent heart murmrus

Answer 14

Soft, Systolic, Short, Symptomless, Standing/Sitting (vary with position

Question 15

when is pertuss vaccine offered to prgnant women who need it

Answer 15

16-32 weeks

Question 16

what type of heart murmur in turners sydnroem

Answer 16

ej systolic due to bicuspid aortic valve

Question 17

red current jelly stool + draw their knees up and turn pale
vomiting +
RUQ sausage mass

Answer 17

intussuception
us aBDO

Question 18

how is caffeine used in neonatees

Answer 18

Caffiene can be used as a respiratory stimulant in newborn babies- for weaning off ventilators