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BDS2 CDS > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

What are epstein’s pearls?

A

They are also known as gingival cysts. They are formed of keratin and found on the gingivae as small white cysts. They are nothing to worry about, can reassure parents

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2
Q

What is congenital epulis

A

benign tumor of the oral cavity, is an extremely rare condition in newborn. It may lead to mechanical obstruction, therefore resulting in respiratory distress and difficulty in feeding

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3
Q

Does congenital epulis require excision?

A

It depends. If it is interfering with feeding or traumatised, May require excision.

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4
Q

What are Natal and neonatal teeth?

A

Natal - present at birth
Neonatal - teeth erupted within the first month of life (premature)

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5
Q

Which tooth is most likely to be neonatal?

A

Usually lower central incisors

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6
Q

Possible treatment options for natal or neonatal teeth?

A

Usually doesn’t require treatment, only if it causing ulcers (usually on the under surface of tongue)

  • smooth out the teeth, removing is rare
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7
Q

Eruption cysts usually appear blue , why? What treatment for eruption cysts?

A

Filled with blood. Do not require treatment usually as the cysts disappears as the tooth erupts

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8
Q

When do teeth start to form?

A

Week 5 of intra uterine life (IUL)

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9
Q

When does hard tissue formation start?

A

Starts at 13 weeks

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10
Q

What is the most likely cause of defects in the primary dentition?

A

Difficult pregnancy for the mother or complications at birth

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11
Q

Need to know dates of calcification of crowns at birth

A

At birth,

Half of central incisors calcified
Third of lateral incisors
Tip of primary canines
Half of first primary molars
Third of second primary molars

Tip of cusps of first permanent molars

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12
Q

Explain the theory of eruption due to resorption of the overlying hard tissue

A

Dental follicle contains enzymes that intimate osteoclastic action, remodelling overlying bone and clearing a path for tooth eruption

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13
Q

Tooth pushes into mouth due to what

A

Possible theories
- root elongation
- Cellular proliferation at the apex of the tooth
- Localised change in blood pressure
- Metabolic activity within the PDL

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14
Q

When does eruption stop?

A

It only stops when the tooth comes into contact with something else otherwise it’ll continue erupting through life

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15
Q

Why does tooth eruption occur throughout life?

A

To compensate for vertical growth of the jaws

tooth wear

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16
Q

Which primary tooth is the exception when it comes to eruption order?

A

Usually lowers before uppers except the lateral incisors , uppers before lowers

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17
Q

When do the primary teeth erupt?

A

A - 6 - 12months
B - 9 - 16 months
D - 13- 19 months
C - 16 - 23 months
E - 23 - 33 months

Teeth of the same series erupt within 3 months of their contra lateral tooth

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18
Q

What age is primary dentition complete by usually?

A

2.5 - 3 years old

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19
Q

What are some differences between primary and permanent teeth ?

A

Primary molar crowns more bulbous
Primary incisor crowns and roots smaller
Primary molars are wider mesiodistally for leeway space
Primary teeth are usually whiter in colour
Primary incisors more upright while permanent incisors more proclined

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20
Q

What is present on an upper 2nd primary molar?

A

Transverse ridge

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21
Q

What is present on both upper and lower 1st primary molars

A

Prominent mesiobuccal tubercle

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22
Q

3 characteristics of primary roots

A

Narrower
Longer
Slender
Flared at the apex ( claw shape)

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23
Q

Why is pulpal exposure more likely in primary then permanent teeth

A

The pulp horns extend high occlusally, very close to the enamel

Large pulp chambers

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24
Q

Why is it impossible to do a complete rct of primary teeth

A

Too many ribbon like small accessory canals interconnecting

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25
Q

Is enamel/ dentine thinner or thicker in primary teeth

A

Thinner

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26
Q

Structure and function of anthropoid / primate spacing in primary teeth

A

Spacing mesial to upper canine and spacing distal to lower canine

Function is to align cusps of canine as well as to prevent overcrowding in permanent dentition

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27
Q

Leeway space dimensions in the upper and lower arch

A

Upper 1.5mm each side
Lower 2,5mm each side

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28
Q

What direction does the facial portion of the skull grow?

A

Downwards and forwards

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29
Q

Mixed dentition definition

A

From the time of eruption of first permanent tooth until loss of last primary tooth

6-11 years old

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30
Q

What is an exception to the eruption rule for permanent teeth?

A

Lowers before upper except for the second premolars

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31
Q

What is AP arch length

A

Anteroposterior arch length

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32
Q

Do permanent inicisors develop palatal or labial to the primary incisors

A

Palatal

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33
Q

What is transient spacing of the upper 1s

A

Ugly duckling teeth, the permanent central incisors grow outwards due to the close proximity of their roots to the erupting 2 and 3. It will self correct when the lateral incisors erupt and come down

upper central and lateral incisors are tipped laterally due to the crowding created by the unerupted canines, to produce a midline space (median diastema).

34
Q

How long does it take for root formation to complete in permanent and primary teeth after eruption

A

1,5 years - primary
3 years - permanent

35
Q

What can an anterior open bite in kids be caused by?

A

Sucking habit

36
Q

What age can you palpate the canine high in the Buccal sulcus

A

10 years old

37
Q

what material do we use for an emergency adhesive bandage of a crown fracture?

A

composite or compomer

NOT gic

38
Q

what does the survival of the pulp depend on?

A

it depends on the associated PDL injury

extent of exposed dentine

age of patient (open or closed apex)

luxation

bacterial ingress

39
Q

what is luxation

A

displacement of the tooth

40
Q

what is avulsion

A

tooth is totally out

41
Q

what do we do with a vital immature tooth

A

pulp cap
pulpotomy
pulpectomy

42
Q

what to do with a non vital immature tooth

A

pulpectomy
apical barrier formation
apexification (outdated)

43
Q

why are there concerns over using dycal for apexification?

A

reduces mineral content of dentine and makes tooth susceptible to root fracture

44
Q

when would you choose apexification ie dycal over apical barrier formation ie MTA?

A

when the child is unable to sit still and cooperate

45
Q

what is the depth of MTA in apical barrier formation?

A

at least 5mm of MTA

46
Q

what to do with a mature tooth with exposed pulp?

A

pulp cap
pulpotomy
pulpectomy
rct

47
Q

how many days after avulsion can you use dycal

A

7-10 days after avulsion to prevent ankylosis

48
Q

first aid for avulsed tooth?

A

store in fresh cold milk or saliva

do not allow tooth to dry out

do not handle the root

re implant asap

flexible splint for 2 weeks

49
Q

splinting times for avulsion

A

2 weeks

50
Q

splinting time for luxation

A

4 weeks

51
Q

splinting time for cervical 1//3 root fracture

A

4 weeks - 4 months

52
Q

best wire for spilnitng

A

composite wire

53
Q

what thickness of splint wire

A

0.6mm

54
Q

amalgam ban for what age

A

under 15

55
Q

what to consider when restoring a primary molar?

A

longevity of the tooth
extent of caries
cooperation of the child

56
Q

what restorative material to use in children?

A

preformed metal crowns last the longest followed by

amalgam, compomer same

RMGIC

GIC

57
Q

What is the Hall technique and why is it preferred?

A

termed biological caries control, requires no removal of caries, only seals caries in

preferred because of the low failure rate in children
quick
no prep involved
no LA

58
Q

materials and instruments for stainless steel crown placement on children?

A

tapered diamond seprating bur

preformed metal crown

glass ionomer luting cement

crown crimping pliers

59
Q

what causes a crown to be unable to sit properly

A

cannot sit if there is a ledge caused by a lack of knife edge during the marginal rirdge reduction

60
Q

depth of occlusal reduction for crown prep

A

1-2mm

61
Q

what causes rocking of the crown

A

cervical margin is more than 1mm beyond max curvature

by right it should only be ~0.5mm beyond max cruvature

62
Q

what is canting of the crown caused by?

A

caused by uneven occlusal reduction

63
Q

indications for the Hall technique?

A

no pulp involvement

enough sufficient sound tissue left to retain the crown

have sufficient space

64
Q

hall tech vs conventional for crown

A

hall technique - no cavity prep, no drilling, just place crown over

conventional - need to prepare tooth ie marginal ridge and occlusal reduction

65
Q

is gingival blanching a good sign for hall technique

A

yes, it shows a snug fit

66
Q

examples of retainers to keep the space mesial to the molars?

A

band and loop
distal shoe

67
Q

when to use fissure sealant and when to use finger press GIC?

A

if moisture control cannot be achieved

if patient compliance is an issue then use GIC as it is much quickler

if there is high degree of sensitivity eg MIH

enamel defects making drying of tooth painful

68
Q

why is fissure sealant better than finger press gic?

A

finger press gic falls out easily, needs to be replaced frequently

69
Q

what is a fissure sealant?

A

protective plastic coating used to seal fissures and pits to avoid getting food and bacteria caught in them and causing decay

70
Q

why are fissures more vulnerable to caries?

A

1.less protected by fluoride

2.not possible to clean the base of a fissure with a toothbrush

71
Q

what material is used for FS

A

bis gma

72
Q

what is the difference between FS and CR?

A

FS => etch and FS, no bond required

CR =>etch bond CR

73
Q

who should get FS placed?

A

all children esp high caries risk and medically compromised children

74
Q

if there are caries in one FPM, what should we do?

A

have all 3 other FPMs sealed immediately and seal second permanent molars on eruption

75
Q

why do we need to work efficiently for FS placement

A

needs to be dry

76
Q

what happens if etch contacts with soft tissues

A

may cause burn so quickly rinse with copious amounts of water

77
Q

why must the enamel be chalky white before you can place fs?

A

enamel must be etched otherwise resin will not adhere and FS will not stay

78
Q

what to check for when placing fs?

A

that it has reached the base of the fissure - prevents leakage

no air bubbles

no voids underneath

avoid overfilling as it decreases retention

check using a probe to see if it dislodges

no material interproximally - otherwise remove with probe or floss

79
Q

why is important to check that FS has been placed properly

A

no leakge
no dislodge
does not trap plaque or food

80
Q

how often to review FS

A

4 months in highrisk
6months low risk

81
Q

how to apply GIC finger pressed fissure sealant?

A

dry tooth with cotton wool instead of air - less painful and sensitive

apply GI from applicator

smooth into fissure and press

press until set

sets v fast

82
Q
A

BDS2 CDS (15 decks)

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