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Year 4 things I forgot > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

When would a kid with suspected ITP need a biopsy

A

Atypical features:

Splenomegaly, high or low WCC, lymph nodes

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2
Q

What is Kartageners syndrome and how does it present

A

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Recurrent RT infections
Sinusitis, otitis media, URTI, bronchitis

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3
Q

3 main complications of chicken pox

A

disseminated haemorrhagic chickenpox
Pneumonia
Encephalitis

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4
Q

First line investigation in ?merkels diverticulum

A

Technetium scan

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5
Q

Where should you check for circulation in newborns

A

Femoral or brachial

Not carotid

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6
Q

Cefotaxime or cefalexin in paed meningitis

A

Cefotaxime!!!

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7
Q

How long does a Caput Succedaneum last and what is the treatment

A

A few days and usually nothing

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8
Q

How long does a Cephalohaematoma last and what is the treatment

A

Potentially a few months, may beed bilirubin bloods

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9
Q

How to work out kids weight from their age

A

(Age +4) x 2

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10
Q

Kid with sickle cell gets P B19, what is the common complication

A

Aplastic crisis

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11
Q

Other than weight/height/ BMI, what 2 investigations do NICE recommended in FTT

A 
Urine dipstick!!
Anti TTG (or Anti EMA)
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12
Q

At what age should you develop hand preference

A

18 months

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13
Q

Which vaccine is strongly associated with febrile seizure

A

MenB

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14
Q

How many days treatment and of what in strep throat

A

Pen V 10 days

Not amoxicillin as risk of EBV -> rash

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15
Q

Birth mark associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome

A

Port wine stain

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16
Q

Disease course of Haemangiomas

A

Get bigger than smaller -> disappear

Can be treated with propananol
If near eyes need referral

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17
Q

What birth weight has the greatest risk of obesity

A

SGA

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18
Q

How many episodes of vomiting do children need for a CT head following injury

A

3 or more with:

LOC, dangerous mech, amnesia, drowsiness

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19
Q

Types of breath holding spells

A

cyanotic breath holding spells -> crying a lot and upset -> stops breathing

pallid breath holding spells (reflex anoxic)

check for iron deficiency anaemia

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20
Q

Most common cause of complete heart block in kids

A

SLE

Associated with anti-ro ABs

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21
Q

acute/subacute progressive mental status change with lymphocytes raised in CNS. Everything else normal. Dx and Mx

A

Autoimmune encephalitis

Methylpred

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22
Q

What is the difference between Kallman syndrome and Klinefleter syndrome

A

Kallman: hypogonadatrophic hypogonadism -> failure to start puberty (anosmia)

Klinefelters: man has additional x. Normal until puberty then female features

(Klinefelters is a longer word so additional letters (xxx)

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23
Q

How long can a child be jaundice before it is considered prolonged

A

14 days full term
21 days pre term

After this point it is no longer physiological

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24
Q

3 main complications of kernicterus

A

Cerebral palsy
Learning disability
Deafness

25
Q

Why does retinopathy of prematurity occur in premature babies

A

Lack of hypoxia

Retinal vessels grow in response to hypoxia

26
Q

Who gets retinal screening and for how long

A

babies born before 32 weeks OR under 1.5kg

Starts at around 30 weeks if born before 27 or 4-5 weeks old if born after 27 weeks

Every 2 weeks until at zone 3 “ora serrata”

27
Q

Treatment for retinopathy of prematurity

A

Screening every 2 weeks

photocoagulation to revere neovascularisation/ VGEF inhibitors
(problem is vessels stop growing but if more hypoxia, undergo excessive vascularisation)

28
Q

Difference between fetal and adult hb

A

Fetal: 2a 2gamma
Adult: 2a 2b

29
Q

How does hydroxycarbamide work in sickle cell

A

Increases production of fetal hb (has a higher affinity for O2)

30
Q

Very common cause of iron deficiency world wide but not in UK

A

Helminth infection (mebenazole tx)

31
Q

How do PPIs effect iron absorption

A

Decrease it

Stomach acid keeps iron as Fe2+ (soluble) otherwise converted to Fe3+ which is insoluble and hence not absorbable

32
Q

How does iron travel in blood

A

As Fe3+ bound to transferrin

TIBC is the total amount of transferrin

33
Q

What is ferritin

A

Protein that iron is stored within, inside cells

34
Q

Why is serum iron not measured

A

Not a useful measurement

Varies throughout day so ferritin is used instead

35
Q

Management of children with ? leukaemia

A

FBC within 48hrs

36
Q

What cells will likely be seen in a leukaemia blood film

A

Blast cells

37
Q

What type of reaction causes ITP

A

Type 2 hypersensitivity

38
Q

Treatments for ITP

A

Prednisolone
IV IGs
Blood/ platelet transfusion

39
Q

Inheritance of sickle cell

A

AR

40
Q

What is the most common cause of aplastic crisis in sickle cell patients

A

Parovirus b19

41
Q

What organ is notably larger in thalassaemia

A

Spleen

Collects dead/ destroyed RBCs

42
Q

In what condition may a child have a pronounced forehead, molar eminences (cheek bones)?

A

Thalaessaemia as bone marrow expands

43
Q

How is thalassaemia inherited

A

AR

44
Q

What is alports syndrome

A

Kidney disease, hearing loss and haemuria due to mutation in collagen in basement membrane

X-linked

45
Q

What key blood test is needed in patients with thalassaemia

A

Ferritin

Risk of iron overload due to breakdown of cells, recurrent transfusions and increased absorption

46
Q

Type of anaemia in thalassaemia

A

Microcytic

47
Q

SSRI of choice in children and adolescents

A

Fluoxetine

48
Q

Chance of male-to-male transmission in x linked recessive conditions

A

0

49
Q

What proteinuria is significant/ A2 disease

A

Greater than 3mmol

50
Q

What A or G is required for CKD

A

A2 (<3)
OR
G3 (<60)

51
Q

Most common complication of Roseola infantum

A

Febrile seizures (up to 10-15%)

52
Q

What blood tests are in combined screening

A

HCG (bad if high)

PAPP-A (bad if low)

53
Q

When in the day are growing pains worst

A

At night, worse after a day of exercise

Never in the morning

54
Q

pink maculopapular, initially on face before spreading to whole body

A

Rubella

55
Q

Key risk with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

56
Q

Condition linked by exomphalos, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intrinsic duodenal atresia

A

Malrotation

57
Q

Only POP which can be taken within 12 hours

A

desogestrel (inhibits ovulation not by increasing mucus thickness like others)

58
Q

What is AFP low in

A

T21

Year 4 things I forgot (7 decks)

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