paeds Flashcards
In exomphalos (aka omphalocoele) the abdominal contents protrude through the anterior abdominal wall but are covered in …
amniotic sac
Exomphalos (omphalocoele) is the abdominal contents through the abdominal wall covered in amniotic sac. When it isn’t covered in a sac it is called
gastroschisis
- bowel contents outside of the abdominal wall
A child what age with fever >38 degrees needs to be referred urgently to pads ED
<3 months
Treatment for congenital hernias:
(a) inguinal
(b) umbilical
(a) repair urgently as risk of incarceration
(b) manage conservatively, reassure most resolve by 4-5 years.
What swelling due to bleeding between the periosteum and the skull. It is most commonly noted in the parietal region and is associated with instrumental deliveries. The swelling usually appears 2-3 days following delivery and does not cross suture lines. It gradually resolves over a number of weeks.
Cephalohaematoma
Scalp oedema swelling due to pressure of the presenting part of the cervix. Present from birth with poor margins and crosses suture lines
Caput succedaneum
n.b. cephalohaematoma does not cross suture lines
ventouse assisted deliveries are associated with which haematomas that present as a swelling 12-72 hours post-delivery
subgaleal haematoma
Child aged <5 years with asthma not controlled by a SABA + low-dose ICS, what should be added next
Leukotriene receptor antagonist
if this doesn’t work <5 years, refer to paeds specialist
if this doesn’t work >5 years, then next step is SABA + ICS + LABA
What X-ray changes are seen with Perthes disease (age 4-8years)
Early changes = widening of joint space
Late changes = decreased femoral head size or flattening
risk of avascular necrosis
Centor 4 criteria for streptococci tonsillitis
- tonsil exudate
- fever
- tender lymphadenopathy
- absence of cough
0-2 - low chance
3 or 4 - high chance - treat with 7 or 10 days phenoxymethylpenicillin or clarithromycin if pen allergic
Contraindications to MMR
- Severe immunosuppression
- Immunoglobulin Rx in the past 3 months
- Allergy to neomycin
- Child who had another live vaccine within 4 weeks
- Pregnancy should be avoided for at least 1 month post-vax
Children in the UK receive two doses of the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine before entry to primary school. When is the schedule?
12-15 months
3-4 years
Short stature Learning difficulties Friendly, extrovert personality Transient neonatal hypercalcaemia Supravalvular aortic stenosis
What condition
William’s syndrome
Webbed neck
Pectus excavatum
Short stature
Pulmonary stenosis
What condition
Noonan syndrome
Learning difficulties Macrocephaly Long face Large ears Macro-orchidism
What condition?
Fragile X syndrome
