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YEAR 4 PAEDS > Paeds 1 > Flashcards

Paeds 1 Flashcards

1
Q 
What Abx do you give for meningitis?
before admission 
on admission (neonates, 1-3m, >3m)
A 
Before admission: benzylpenicillin 
Admission:
Neonate - benzylpenicillin/ amoxicillin + gentamicin 
1-3m - cefotaxime + amoxicillin 
>3m - ceftriaxone
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2
Q

What Abx do you give for sepsis?

A

IV Ceftriaxone

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3
Q

What Abx do you give for pneumonia?

Typical & Atypical

A

Typical: Oral amoxicillin
Atypical: erythromycin/clarithromycin

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4
Q 
What Abx do you give for UTI?
<3m
>3m & pyelonephritis 
Lower UTI
Prophylaxis
A

<3m: IV ceftriaxone/cefotaxime + amoxicillin

> 3m with pyelonephritis:
If well - oral cephalexin/co-amoxiclav
If severe - IV co-amox/cefuroxime

Lower UTI:
Trimethoprim 
Nitrofurantoin 
Cephalexin 
Amoxicillin

Prophylaxis:
Low dose trimethoprim/nitrofurantoin (2nd line - amox/cefalxein)

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5
Q

What Abx would you give for otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin/ erythromycin

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6
Q

What Abx would you give for tonsillitis?

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin/ clarythromycin

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7
Q

What Abx would you give in CF for:
prophylaxis
pseudomonas infection

A

Prophylaxis: flucloxacillin
Pseudomonas: inhaled colistimethate sodium/ Tobramycin

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8
Q

What Abx would you give for whooping cough?

A

Erythromycin

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9
Q

What Abx would you give for TB?

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

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10
Q

What Abx would you give for epiglottitis?

A

IV cefuroxime

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11
Q

Constipation
1st line
2nd line
3rd line

A

1st - Macrogol
2nd - stimulant (Senna)
3rd - lactulose (osmotic)/ docusate sodium

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12
Q

Eczema:

Emollients - 1 thin, 3 thick (ointment)

Steroids - mild, moderate, potent, v potent
SEs of steroids

A

Emollients (use after washing & 2/3 times in day):
Thin - E45
Thick (ointment) - Diprobase, Hydromol, 50:50 (50% liquid paraffin)

Steroids (apply 1-2/day):
Mild - hydrocortisone 
Moderate - Eumovate 
Potent - betnovate 
V potent - dermovate

SEs: thinning - more prone to flares, bruising, tearing

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13
Q 
Croup 
Oral steroids (2)
Nebulised Steroids (1)
A

Oral:
Dexamethasone/ Prednisolone

Nebulised:
Budesonide

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14
Q 
Name, onset & duration of:
Rapid acting insulin 
Short acting insulin 
Intermediate insulin 
Long acting
A 
Humalog
- 10min --> 30-90mins
Actrapid, humulin 
- 30-60mins --> 2-5hr
Isophane 
- 1-2hr --> 4-12 hr
Levemic
- 1-2hr --> 20hr
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15
Q

What is in a mixed insulin preparation?

A

Shorting acting & long acting

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16
Q

What is a basal bolus regime of insulin?

A

Long acting in evening

Shorting acting 3x/day before meals

17
Q

Hypoglycaemia management if:

conscious (g of glucose by 10kg, 30kg, 50kg child)

unconscious (3)

A 
Conscious:
sugary snap/ hyostop gel
- 10kg child = 5g glucose
- 30kg = 10g glucose 
- 50kg = 15g glucose 
Unconscious:
- Hypostop gel on buccal mucosa 
- IV 10% dextrose 2mls/kg, followed by glucose infusion 
- SEVERE - glucagon IM
<8yrs = 500mcg, >8yrs = 1mg
18
Q

Antiepileptics for:

Absence seizure

A

Sodium valproate

Ethosuximide

19
Q 
Antiepileptics for:
Myoclonic seizure (1st & 2nd lines)
A

1st - Sodium Valproate

2nd - Lamotrigine, levetiracetam, topiramate

20
Q

Antiepileptics for:

Tonic clonic seizure (1st & 2nd line)

A

1st - sodium valproate

2nd - lamotrigine, carbamazepine

21
Q 
Antiepileptics for:
Atonic seizure (1st & 2nd line)
A

1st - sodium valproate

2nd - lamotrigine

22
Q 
Antiepileptics for:
focal seizures (1st & 2nd line)
A

1st - carbamazepine/lamotrigine

2nd - sodium valproate/levetiracetam

23
Q

2 Medications used for west syndrome seizure

A

Prednisolone

Vigabatrin

24
Q

Desmopressin

  • mechanism of action
  • indications
  • contraindications
  • SEs
A 
1) anti-diuretic hormone = increase water reabsorption & reduce urine output 
Increase levels of plasma VIII
2) primary nocturnal enuresis, diabetes insipidus, haemophilia, von Willebrand's disease
3) Diuretics
Cardiac insufficiency 
SIADH
Hx of hyponatraemia 
4) Hyponatraemia
25
Q

What steroid do you give for nephrotic syndrome + how much?

A

Prednisolone
60mg/m^2 OD 4-6 weeks until proteinuria ceases
Reduce to 40mg/m^2 OD alternate days 4-6weeks
Reduce dose gradually

26
Q 
Rickets:
Treatment 
Prevention 
- mechanism of action of each 
- contraindications (same for both)
- SEs (same for both)
A

Treatment: ergocalciferol
- absorbs Ca & PO4 from intestine, reabsorbs them from kidney, growth of Ca & PO4 in bone
Prevention: cholicalciferol (Vit D3)
- metabolised in liver –> calcidol –> metabolised in kidney –> calcitriol –> maintain Ca & PO4 homeostasis (absorption of Ca & PO4 in small intestine –> bone mineralisation)

  • CI: hypercalceamia
  • SEs: hypercalcaemia, hypercaliurea, abdo pain, nausea

YEAR 4 PAEDS (1 decks)

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