Paeditric Trauma Flashcards
1
Q
Why children are prone to injury
A
- Low bone mineral content
- Neuromuscular disorders
- Fracture personality
2
Q
Children growth plate
A
Children have an active growth plate
- Facilitates remodeling
- Injured growth plate leads to deformity
3
Q
Bone in kids
A
Higher collagen to bone ratio
- More porous
- Bone fails in tension and compression
- Bone transitions
4
Q
Periosteum in kids
A
Metabolically active
•Thickness and strength
5
Q
Cartilage in kids
A
Increased ratio of cartilage to bone improves resilience but makes interpretation of xrays more difficult.
6
Q
Ligaments in kids
A
7
Q
Age related fractures
A
Fracture patterns change as the child’s musculoskeletal system matures.
•Infants- diaphyseal
•Child- metaphyseal
•Adolescent- epiphyseal
8
Q
Physeal injuries
A
- Physeal injuries account for 25% of all childhood fractures.
- They are more common in boys and in the upper limb.
9
Q
Problem fractures
A
supracondylar fractures •lateral condylar fractures •radial neck fractures •mid-shaft forearm fractures •femoral neck fractures •distal femoral physeal fractures •proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture
10
Q
Preventable complications
A
compartment syndrome •malunion •physeal bar formation •deformity from small physeal bars •fixation complications •cast complications
11
Q
Avoid complications
A
avoid tibial traction pins •avoid intravenous narcotics •assume child will be unreliable •split cast for fractures •inform families about risks •provide follow up •respect the physis •allow stiffness to resolve spontaneously •be aware of communication barriers •avoid prolonged immobilization •suspect compartment syndrome
12
Q
Non preventable complications
A
avascular necrosis
•physeal injuries
