Paediatrics: Children at risk by Prof Mary Flashcards
Definition of violence (WHO). (4)
Intentional use of:
- Physical force or power
- Threatened or actual
- against oneself, another person or against a group or community
- which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation
Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study contribute to: (3_
Poor health in adulthood (physical and mental)
and
addiction
and
risky sexual behavior
What syndrome did Dr Henry kempe introduce in 1962?
Battered child syndrome
Malaysia is part of the UNCRC 1989
What does it stand for?
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989
Malaysia has yet to sign optional protocols which are (3):
- On sale of children
- Child prostitution
- Child pornography
Based on UNCRC
Decisions made should be in the best interest of the child.
Child definition by age?
<18 years
What are examples (3) of survival rights in the UNCRC?
- Right to life
- Right to an identity, nationality
- Right to remain with parents
What is an example of developmental rights in the UNCRC?
- The right to access information
- The right to obtain education
What constitutes the protection rights in the UNCRC? (3)
- Protection from abuse
- Exploitation
- Harmful influences
What constitutes the participation rights in the UNCRC? (3)
- Freedom of expression
- The right of leisure and play
- Freedom to have friends
Based on UNCRC, what are the primary role of parents? (4)
- Care
- Emotional support
- Guidance
- Protection of their rights
What are the 3 laws in Malaysia which address child protection?
- Child Act 2001 (Act 611)
- Child (Amendment) Act 2016
- Sexual offences against Children Act 2017 (Act 792)
Based on Child Act 2001
Police duty (1)
Doctor’s duty (2)
Police officer takes in child at risk for temporary custody
Doctors duty:
- Examine and treat children
- Report on maltreatment of child
4 main categories of child abuse:
- Physical abuse
- Sexual abuse
- Psychological abuse
- Neglect
Risk factors for child maltreatment
Child (4)
- Less than 4
- Unwanted children
- special needs children
Risk factors for child maltreatment
Parents (4)
- Not nurturing the child
- Financial difficulty
- Previously abused in childhood
- Misuse of drugs and alcohol
Risk factors for child maltreatment
Community
- Gender and social inequality
- High unemployment and poverty
- Society accepts violence
- Easily available drugs and alcohol
Terms used in childhood injury (5)
Accidental injury
Inflicted injury
Physical abuse
Physical assault
Suspicious injury
What is physical abuse?
What is physical assault?
Injury by carer
Injury by a non-carer
Patterns of bruising in abuse (6)
Bruising:
- in children who are not mobile
- in babies
- away from bony prominences
- to face, back, abdomen, arms, butt, ears and hands
- in clusters
- carrying imprints
Patterns of burns in abuse
- Immersion burns (glove and stocking)
- contact burns
- genitalia burns (covered areas)
Patterns of skeletal in abuse
_ discovered incidentally on X-ray
- multiple fractures in different stages of healing
Abusive head trauma presentation in infants and toddlers
_ seizures
- Vomiting
- Crying
- poor feeding
- breathing issues
The most common cause of subdural haemorrhage (crescent shaped) in infants is?
Abusive head trauma
