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Education Day Lectures > Paediatrics: Children at risk by Prof Mary > Flashcards

Paediatrics: Children at risk by Prof Mary Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of violence (WHO). (4)

A

Intentional use of:
- Physical force or power
- Threatened or actual
- against oneself, another person or against a group or community
- which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation

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2
Q

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study contribute to: (3_

A

Poor health in adulthood (physical and mental)
and
addiction
and
risky sexual behavior

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3
Q

What syndrome did Dr Henry kempe introduce in 1962?

A

Battered child syndrome

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4
Q

Malaysia is part of the UNCRC 1989
What does it stand for?

A

UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989

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5
Q

Malaysia has yet to sign optional protocols which are (3):

A
  • On sale of children
  • Child prostitution
  • Child pornography
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6
Q

Based on UNCRC

Decisions made should be in the best interest of the child.
Child definition by age?

A

<18 years

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7
Q

What are examples (3) of survival rights in the UNCRC?

A
  • Right to life
  • Right to an identity, nationality
  • Right to remain with parents
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8
Q

What is an example of developmental rights in the UNCRC?

A
  • The right to access information
  • The right to obtain education
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9
Q

What constitutes the protection rights in the UNCRC? (3)

A
  • Protection from abuse
  • Exploitation
  • Harmful influences
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10
Q

What constitutes the participation rights in the UNCRC? (3)

A
  • Freedom of expression
  • The right of leisure and play
  • Freedom to have friends
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11
Q

Based on UNCRC, what are the primary role of parents? (4)

A
  • Care
  • Emotional support
  • Guidance
  • Protection of their rights
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12
Q

What are the 3 laws in Malaysia which address child protection?

A
  • Child Act 2001 (Act 611)
  • Child (Amendment) Act 2016
  • Sexual offences against Children Act 2017 (Act 792)
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13
Q

Based on Child Act 2001
Police duty (1)
Doctor’s duty (2)

A

Police officer takes in child at risk for temporary custody
Doctors duty:
- Examine and treat children
- Report on maltreatment of child

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14
Q

4 main categories of child abuse:

A
  • Physical abuse
  • Sexual abuse
  • Psychological abuse
  • Neglect
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15
Q

Risk factors for child maltreatment

Child (4)

A
  • Less than 4
  • Unwanted children
  • special needs children
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16
Q

Risk factors for child maltreatment
Parents (4)

A
  • Not nurturing the child
  • Financial difficulty
  • Previously abused in childhood
  • Misuse of drugs and alcohol
17
Q

Risk factors for child maltreatment

Community

A
  • Gender and social inequality
  • High unemployment and poverty
  • Society accepts violence
  • Easily available drugs and alcohol
18
Q

Terms used in childhood injury (5)

A

Accidental injury
Inflicted injury
Physical abuse
Physical assault
Suspicious injury

19
Q

What is physical abuse?

What is physical assault?

A

Injury by carer

Injury by a non-carer

20
Q

Patterns of bruising in abuse (6)

A

Bruising:
- in children who are not mobile
- in babies
- away from bony prominences
- to face, back, abdomen, arms, butt, ears and hands
- in clusters
- carrying imprints

21
Q

Patterns of burns in abuse

A
  • Immersion burns (glove and stocking)
  • contact burns
  • genitalia burns (covered areas)
22
Q

Patterns of skeletal in abuse

A

_ discovered incidentally on X-ray
- multiple fractures in different stages of healing

23
Q

Abusive head trauma presentation in infants and toddlers

A

_ seizures
- Vomiting
- Crying
- poor feeding
- breathing issues

24
Q

The most common cause of subdural haemorrhage (crescent shaped) in infants is?

A

Abusive head trauma

25
Q

Subdural hemorrhage on CT brain

A
  • Crescent-shaped
  • Midline shift to left
  • Obliteration of lateral ventricles
26
Q

Abdominal trauma presentation

A
  • Vomiting
  • Poor appetite
  • accidental trauma (punched/kicked in reality)
27
Q

Abdominal injuries

A

Intestinal perforation
tearing of mesentery
laceration of solid organs

28
Q

How to suspect child physical abuse?

A
  • Pathognomonic injury patterns:
    + immersion burns
    + torn frenulum (force-feeding)
    + cauliflower ear
  • Inconsistent history with significant injury
    + does not fit child’s development
    + different versions
    + History keeps changing
  • History of abuse + maching injuries
29
Q

Red flags that may suggest chld abuse

A
  • Delay seeking treatment
  • Lack of parental concern
  • Signs of inadequate care
  • “frozen watchfulness” in the child
  • Abnormal interaction
  • Frequent absence from school
30
Q

Neglect is

A

when a child’s basic needs are not met

31
Q

Categories of neglect:
Physical neglect

A
  • missed meals
  • no food or bath change
32
Q

Educational neglect:

A

Irregular attendance to school

33
Q

medical neglect

A

Missed immunisation
No medical treatment

34
Q

Supervisory neglect:

A

Home alone (10 mins)
Abandoned in streets

35
Q

Emotional neglect

A

Lack of attention and interaction

Education Day Lectures (2 decks)

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