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Year 3 Primary Care > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Why are normal limb variants often responsible for unnecessary referrals to orthopaedics?

A

Many will self-resolve naturally with time

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2
Q

How can limb abnormalities in paediatrics present?

A

Rotational abnormalities

Angulation abnormalities

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3
Q

What are some Rotational Abnormalities in lower limbs of paediatrics?

A

In-Toeing

Out-Toeing

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4
Q

What are some causes of In-Toeing in paediatrics?

A

Metatarsus Adductus
Internal Tibial torsion
Femoral Anteversion

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5
Q

What is Metatarsus adductus?

A

Paediatric condition in which the metatarsals adduct towards the midline.
Position is set before birth, usually resolves in a few months.

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6
Q

When should a child with Metatarsus adductus be referred to orthopaedics?

A

If rigid or unresolved by 9 months

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7
Q

What is Internal Tibial Torsion?

A

Inward twist below knee, that usually resolves by 10 years

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8
Q

What treatment is available if an Internal Tibial Torsion persists beyond 10 years?

A

Osteotomy

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9
Q

What is Femoral Anteversion?

A

Paediatric condition with inward rotation at hip, more common in females than males.
Usually resolves by 10 years

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10
Q

How does Femoral Anteversion present?

A

Awkward running posture and inward patellae.

W sitting position

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11
Q

What Is Out-Toeing?

A

External rotation of foot

Normal in infancy, usually resolves by 18-24 months

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12
Q

What are some more serious causes of Out-Toeing?

A

Perthes

SUFE

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13
Q

What are some causes of angulation deformities in paediatrics?

A

Bow Legs - Genu Varum
Knock Knees - Genu Valgum
Pes Planus

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14
Q

What is Genu Varum?

A

Bow legs

Common in newborns and infancy, usually straighten by aged 2

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15
Q

What other conditions can lead to Bow Legs?

A

Metaphyseal fracture
Blounts disease
Rickets

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16
Q

What is Genu Valgum?

A

Knock Knees
Common between age 3-4
Usually straighten by 7 years

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17
Q

What should Intermalleolar distance be in kids?

A

<8cm

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18
Q

When should Knees be referred?

A

If unilateral or progressive

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19
Q

What is Pes Planus?

A

Flat feet
Normal in neonates and toddlers
Usually resolves by 4-8 years

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20
Q

When does Pes Planus need treatment?

A

If symptomatic

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21
Q

Which organism causes Chicken Pox?

A

Varicella Zoster

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22
Q

How does Chicken Pox present?

A

Initially forms Spots
Then Blisters
Then Scabs
Then Crusts

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23
Q

What symptoms are common with Chicken Pox?

A

Fever

Aches and Pains

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24
Q

How is Chicken Pox Spread?

Study These Flashcards
A

Coughing
Sneezing
Lesions

25
How long is Chicken Pox infectious for?
Until all lesions have scabbed over
26
What is Molluscum Contagiosum?
Skin infection presenting with small, firm raised papules that are itchy but not painful.
27
How is Molluscum Contagiosum spread?
Direct contact and contaminated surfaces
28
What is Hand Foot and Mouth disease?
A mild, self-resolving illness that usually resolves within 10 days
29
Which virus is responsible for Hand Foot and Mouth disease?
Cocksackie Virus
30
How does Hand Foot and Mouth disease present?
Sore Throat, then mouth ulcers, then blisters on hands and feet
31
How does Eczema present?
Areas of dry, scaly, red, itchy skin
32
Which areas of skin are usually affected in Eczema?
Face and Nappy Areas in babies | Limbs in older children
33
What is Seborrhoeic Dermatitis also known as?
Cradle Cap
34
How does Seborrhoeic Dermatitis present?
Non-inflamed yellow scales
35
What is the treatment for Seborrhoeic Dermatitis?
Gentle emollient, removal of scales
36
Which pathogen is responsible for Impetigo?
Staph Aureus
37
How does impetigo present?
Formation of Crusting or Bullous lesions usually on face. | Can occur on body
38
What treatment is recommended for Impetigo?
Topical Abx if localised
39
Which pathogen is responsible for Scarlet Fever?
Strep. Pyogenes
40
How does Scarlet Fever present?
``` Sore Throat Fever Headache Vomiting Abdo Pain Myalgia ```
41
How long after the fever does the rash present in Scarlet Fever?
12-48h, usually starts on neck
42
How does the rash present in Scarlet Fever?
Sandpaper texture Peri-oral sparing Strawberry tongue - First white then red
43
What symptoms do Measels present with?
Fever Conjunctivitis Cough Coryza
44
Where does the rash present in measels?
Face and neck initially, then spreads to body and limbs
45
What are Koplick's spots?
White patches on mucous membranes
46
What do Koplick's spots indicate?
Measels
47
What is Rubella?
German Measels
48
How doe Rubella present?
URTI symptoms Pale pink rash starting behind ears and face Some cervical lymphadenopathy
49
What is Roseola Infuntum?
3 day rash that presents initially with a sore throat and high temperature, then develops a rash 3-4 days later
50
What is Kawasaki Disease?
Acute inflammatory illness giving systemic vasculitis and cardiac complications
51
What are symptoms of Kawasaki Disease?
``` Red, bloodshot eyes High fever Red cracked lips and tonuge Widespread rash Red, swollen feet and hands ```
52
What is the treatment for Kawasaki disease?
IV Immunoglobulin
53
Which organism causes Meningiococcal disease?
Neisseria Meningitidis
54
What are symptoms of Meningiococcal Disease?
``` Fever Headache Stiff neck Confusion Photophobia ```
55
What is the treatment for Meningiococcal disease?
IM Abx
56
What are important things to look for in examining an unwell child?
``` Alertness ?smiling/reactive ?Active ?Normal colour ?Respiration ?Wet eyes and mouth ?Rash ?Pain ```
57
What should be examined in an unwell child?
``` Mucous membranes Skin Fontanelle if baby RR and lungs HR Temp CRT Area of pain ```
58
What guidance helps inform management with an unwell child?
NICE Traffic light system

Year 3 Primary Care (4 decks)

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