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Year 3 Primary Care > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Why are normal limb variants often responsible for unnecessary referrals to orthopaedics?

A

Many will self-resolve naturally with time

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2
Q

How can limb abnormalities in paediatrics present?

A

Rotational abnormalities

Angulation abnormalities

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3
Q

What are some Rotational Abnormalities in lower limbs of paediatrics?

A

In-Toeing

Out-Toeing

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4
Q

What are some causes of In-Toeing in paediatrics?

A

Metatarsus Adductus
Internal Tibial torsion
Femoral Anteversion

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5
Q

What is Metatarsus adductus?

A

Paediatric condition in which the metatarsals adduct towards the midline.
Position is set before birth, usually resolves in a few months.

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6
Q

When should a child with Metatarsus adductus be referred to orthopaedics?

A

If rigid or unresolved by 9 months

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7
Q

What is Internal Tibial Torsion?

A

Inward twist below knee, that usually resolves by 10 years

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8
Q

What treatment is available if an Internal Tibial Torsion persists beyond 10 years?

A

Osteotomy

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9
Q

What is Femoral Anteversion?

A

Paediatric condition with inward rotation at hip, more common in females than males.
Usually resolves by 10 years

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10
Q

How does Femoral Anteversion present?

A

Awkward running posture and inward patellae.

W sitting position

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11
Q

What Is Out-Toeing?

A

External rotation of foot

Normal in infancy, usually resolves by 18-24 months

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12
Q

What are some more serious causes of Out-Toeing?

A

Perthes

SUFE

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13
Q

What are some causes of angulation deformities in paediatrics?

A

Bow Legs - Genu Varum
Knock Knees - Genu Valgum
Pes Planus

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14
Q

What is Genu Varum?

A

Bow legs

Common in newborns and infancy, usually straighten by aged 2

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15
Q

What other conditions can lead to Bow Legs?

A

Metaphyseal fracture
Blounts disease
Rickets

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16
Q

What is Genu Valgum?

A

Knock Knees
Common between age 3-4
Usually straighten by 7 years

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17
Q

What should Intermalleolar distance be in kids?

A

<8cm

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18
Q

When should Knees be referred?

A

If unilateral or progressive

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19
Q

What is Pes Planus?

A

Flat feet
Normal in neonates and toddlers
Usually resolves by 4-8 years

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20
Q

When does Pes Planus need treatment?

A

If symptomatic

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21
Q

Which organism causes Chicken Pox?

A

Varicella Zoster

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22
Q

How does Chicken Pox present?

A

Initially forms Spots
Then Blisters
Then Scabs
Then Crusts

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23
Q

What symptoms are common with Chicken Pox?

A

Fever

Aches and Pains

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24
Q

How is Chicken Pox Spread?

A

Coughing
Sneezing
Lesions

25
Q

How long is Chicken Pox infectious for?

A

Until all lesions have scabbed over

26
Q

What is Molluscum Contagiosum?

A

Skin infection presenting with small, firm raised papules that are itchy but not painful.

27
Q

How is Molluscum Contagiosum spread?

A

Direct contact and contaminated surfaces

28
Q

What is Hand Foot and Mouth disease?

A

A mild, self-resolving illness that usually resolves within 10 days

29
Q

Which virus is responsible for Hand Foot and Mouth disease?

A

Cocksackie Virus

30
Q

How does Hand Foot and Mouth disease present?

A

Sore Throat, then mouth ulcers, then blisters on hands and feet

31
Q

How does Eczema present?

A

Areas of dry, scaly, red, itchy skin

32
Q

Which areas of skin are usually affected in Eczema?

A

Face and Nappy Areas in babies

Limbs in older children

33
Q

What is Seborrhoeic Dermatitis also known as?

A

Cradle Cap

34
Q

How does Seborrhoeic Dermatitis present?

A

Non-inflamed yellow scales

35
Q

What is the treatment for Seborrhoeic Dermatitis?

A

Gentle emollient, removal of scales

36
Q

Which pathogen is responsible for Impetigo?

A

Staph Aureus

37
Q

How does impetigo present?

A

Formation of Crusting or Bullous lesions usually on face.

Can occur on body

38
Q

What treatment is recommended for Impetigo?

A

Topical Abx if localised

39
Q

Which pathogen is responsible for Scarlet Fever?

A

Strep. Pyogenes

40
Q

How does Scarlet Fever present?

A 
Sore Throat
Fever
Headache
Vomiting
Abdo Pain 
Myalgia
41
Q

How long after the fever does the rash present in Scarlet Fever?

A

12-48h, usually starts on neck

42
Q

How does the rash present in Scarlet Fever?

A

Sandpaper texture
Peri-oral sparing
Strawberry tongue - First white then red

43
Q

What symptoms do Measels present with?

A

Fever
Conjunctivitis
Cough
Coryza

44
Q

Where does the rash present in measels?

A

Face and neck initially, then spreads to body and limbs

45
Q

What are Koplick’s spots?

A

White patches on mucous membranes

46
Q

What do Koplick’s spots indicate?

A

Measels

47
Q

What is Rubella?

A

German Measels

48
Q

How doe Rubella present?

A

URTI symptoms
Pale pink rash starting behind ears and face
Some cervical lymphadenopathy

49
Q

What is Roseola Infuntum?

A

3 day rash that presents initially with a sore throat and high temperature, then develops a rash 3-4 days later

50
Q

What is Kawasaki Disease?

A

Acute inflammatory illness giving systemic vasculitis and cardiac complications

51
Q

What are symptoms of Kawasaki Disease?

A 
Red, bloodshot eyes
High fever
Red cracked lips and tonuge
Widespread rash
Red, swollen feet and hands
52
Q

What is the treatment for Kawasaki disease?

A

IV Immunoglobulin

53
Q

Which organism causes Meningiococcal disease?

A

Neisseria Meningitidis

54
Q

What are symptoms of Meningiococcal Disease?

A 
Fever
Headache
Stiff neck
Confusion
Photophobia
55
Q

What is the treatment for Meningiococcal disease?

A

IM Abx

56
Q

What are important things to look for in examining an unwell child?

A 
Alertness
?smiling/reactive
?Active
?Normal colour
?Respiration
?Wet eyes and mouth
?Rash
?Pain
57
Q

What should be examined in an unwell child?

A 
Mucous membranes
Skin
Fontanelle if baby
RR and lungs
HR
Temp
CRT
Area of pain
58
Q

What guidance helps inform management with an unwell child?

A

NICE Traffic light system

Year 3 Primary Care (4 decks)

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