Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IODC > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: What sorts of vaccines are children given at a young age?

A

MMR
Diptheria
polio
meningitis

then ACWY

special - flu, TB, hep B, chicken pox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: What is the most common viral infection that will present to you?

A

herpes simplex - primary herpes

varicella- zoster (chickenpox - primary/ shingles (reactivation - lives in spinal root ganglia)

might be an underlying cause for a fit young person getting shingles

if all chicken pox blisters have crusted over then they are not infectious anymore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: What are the viral features of measles/mumps (bacteria infection in the gland)?

A

kopek’s spots in the mouth
classical rash on the body

can get encephalitis 
swelling of parotid gland - mumps
other glands swollen - mumps
can't open mouth - mumps
ear lobe turned up - mumps

rubella - rash, vomiting, stomach upset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: What is a cocksackie virus?

A

Cause a series of conditions similar to primary herpes

  • causes herpangina
    hand foot and mouth disease -ulcers in mouth, spots on hand and feet

Epstein- barr virus - causes glandular fever, malaise, tired, lymphandonapathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: What sort of bacterial infections may children get?

A

Impetigo - ulcers/sores on face, very infective
streptococcal (scarlet fever) - sore throat, redness in cheeks
cat scratch disease - unwell, malaise, lymphadonpathy
ANUG - sore painful gingival, breakdown of interdental papilla, bad breath, know it when they walk in, check for underlying cause in children
actinomycosis - ulcers, sores on face, yellow colour liquid weeps?
meningitis - unlikely to present to dentist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: How do you examine for a dental abscess?

A
  • History of complaint
  • Symptoms, duration Pain score, sleep, fluids (young children have less of tolerance of going without fluid)
  • Medical history
  • Dental history
  • Social history

E/O
• Symmetry, swelling - how fast is the swelling going up?
• Lymph nodes
• Temperature - if above 38 degrees, need admitting?
• Rash
difficulty swallowing and difficulty opening mouth (truisms) - BAD

I/O
• Soft tissues 
• Ulcers
• Form (swelling) 
• Colour
I/O
• Hard tissues
• Carious teeth
• Colour of teeth 
• Bone
- see if you can see the cause of the swelling - drainage?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: What things do you look for in examining a swelling/ulcer?

A
  • Site
  • Size
  • Surface
  • Texture
  • Colour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: Where may an abscess spread?

A

Fascial plains
sub-lingual
sub-mandibular
pharyngeal

Venous
ocular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: What special investigations might you do for an abscess?

A
  • Radiographs
  • Vitality tests
  • Bloods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: What are the two most common problems?

A

Primary herpes
dental abscess

• In general the younger the child the more likely they are to have systemic problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: What are the symptoms of primary herpes?

A
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Malaise
  • Mild dysphagia
  • Lymphademopathy
  • Oral ulceration - lots of tiny ulcers in the mouth
  • Marginal gingivitis
• 14 days duration
• Recurrent herpes labialis  - some get cold sores
ADMISSON
• Dehydration
• Fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: How do you manage primary herpes?

A
  • Fluids
  • Rest
  • Analgesics
  • Antipyretics
  • Chlorhexidine
  • Avoidcross-infection
  • Antivirals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: how do you manage a dental abscess?

A
  • Drainage
  • Antibiotics if spreading infection
  • Antibiotics if systemic upset, BUT DOES NOT NEED
  • Analgesic
  • Antipyretic
  • Follow-up
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: When does a child need admitting to hospital?

A
  • Spreading infection
  • Trismus
  • Pyrexia
  • Malaise
  • Dehydration
  • Dysphagia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: What is the difficulty of LA when there is an infection?

A
  • Co-operation - hurts a lot
  • Decreased effectiveness - environment is acidic
  • Risk of spreading infection - drive bacteria into the venous system, use a block and inject away from it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Management of the paediatric dental emergency: What do you have to be mindful of with a dental trauma?

A
  • Head injury - first thing, are they confused?

* Account for lost tooth - could it be in the lungs? - chest x ray?

17
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What is the medical model of health?

A

Medical care/treatment is seen as the main issue

The focus is on cure and rehabilitation through medical intervention

‘The personal tragedy theory of disability’

18
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What is the social model of health?

A

It is society which disables people with impairment by its failure to include them

19
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What is an impairment in the medical model?

A

loss or abnormality of physiology or anatomical structure or function

20
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What is an impairment in the social model?

A

the functional limitation within the individual caused by physical, mental or sensory loss

21
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What is disability in the medical model?

A

restriction of activity as a consequence of impairment

22
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What is disability in the social model?

A

the loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in the normal life of the community on an equal level with others due to physical or social barriers

23
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What does b520 of the ICF by the WHO say?

A

Caring for body parts
Looking after parts of the body, such as skin, face, TEETH, scalp, nails & genitals, that require more than washing & drying

24
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What does b280 of the ICF by the WHO say?

A

Sensation of pain

Sensation of unpleasant feeling indicating potential or actual damage to some body structure

25
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What is challenging behaviour?

A

behaviour of such an intensity, frequency or duration that the physical safety of the person or others is likely to be placed in serious jeopardy, or behaviour that is likely to seriously limit or deny access to the use of ordinary community facilities

26
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What aspects of disability may affect dental care? LEARN

A
  • Makes treatment potentially dangerous
  • More at risk of dental disease
  • Compliance with personnel care
  • Compliance with treatment
27
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: Why are disabled people potentially more at risk of dental disease?

A
  • Cleft lip & palate - hypoplasia, don’t swallow normally to clear food
  • Down syndrome - diet less controlled, brushing poor, per risk greater but genetically lower risk of caries
  • Cerebral Palsy - harder to brush teeth, may have intellectual impairment
28
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: Why is dental treatment potentially more dangerous?

A
  • Cardiac lesion, - endocarditis
  • Immuno-compromised - gums may bleed more easily, dental abscess may be life threatening
  • Bleeding tendency - e.g. warfarin
29
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: Why may there be issues with compliance of personal care?

A
  • Autism - some patients don’t comply
  • ADHD - may not sit still for treatment
  • Cerebral palsy
  • brushing is harder
  • drugs causing xerostomia
  • radiotherapy damaging salivary glands etc
30
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: Why may there be issues with compliance of treatment?

A
  • Learning delay
  • ADHD
  • Crebral palsy
31
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What may autistic children have difficulty with?

A

Social interaction
Communication
Inflexibility in thinking and behaviour

32
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: How is ADHD managed?

A

Management - medications, behaviour modifications, lifestyle changes, and counselling

33
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: Delivering better oral health

A

Look up children section

34
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What are the features of downs’ syndrome?

A
  • Trisomy21
  • Typical appearance – upslanting palpebral fissure, simian fold, reduced muscle tone
  • ReducedIQ
  • Congenital heart disease
  • Gastric reflux
  • Thyroid dysfunction
  • Immune deficiency , increased risk of leukaemia.
  • Atlanto-axialinstability - need to support the head during extractions
  • Oral – less caries, more perio disease, delayed eruption, macroglassia (large tongue).
35
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What are the features of cerebral palsy?

A

caused by oxygen starvation around time of birth

• Damage to the motor control centres
abnormal muscle tone (i.e. slouching over, reflexes, motor development or coordination.
• Sometimes cognition - 30% of people only
• Sometimes epilepsy

36
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What does SEAMLESS stand for?

A

All people that are disabled should have:

S Should have opportunity 
E Education
A Access
M Multidisciplinary
L Linkwork
E Empowerment
S Special Care Dentistry / Paediatric Dentistry 
S Service provision
37
Q

Dental care for the medically compromised child: What are the problems people with special needs face?

A
  • Poorer dental health
  • Problems with access
  • Complex needs
  • Dental health one of many priorities
38
Q

Child protection: What are the categories of abuse?

A

physical abuse - hitting, bruising, burning, fabricating and induced illness etc

sexual abuse

emotional abuse

neglect (including dental neglect)

IODC (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions