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Phase 3A Medicine > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Give 3 signs of respiratory distress in a child

A
  1. Tachypnoea, RR 40-60
  2. Subcostal and intercostal recession
  3. Stridor
  4. Tracheal tug
  5. Cyanosis
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2
Q

Describe the epidemiology of ADHD

A

5% school aged children

M:F = 4:1

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3
Q

Describe the aetiology of ADHD

A

Genetic and environmental
Neuroanatomical and neurochemical factors
CNS insults, e.g. FAS or premature

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4
Q

What are the 3 core behaviours of ADHD?

A
  1. Hyperactivity
  2. Inattention
  3. Impulsivity
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5
Q

ADHD core behaviours: give 3 signs of hyperactivity

A
  1. Fidgety
  2. Talkative
  3. Noisy
  4. Can’t remain seated
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6
Q

ADHD core behaviours: give 3 signs of impulsivity

A
  1. Blurts out answers
  2. Interrupts
  3. Difficulty waiting turns
  4. When older, pregnancy and drug abuse
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7
Q

ADHD core behaviours: give 3 signs of inattention

A
  1. Easily distracted
  2. Not listening
  3. Mind wandering
  4. Struggling at school
  5. Forgetful
  6. Organisational problems
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8
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for ADHD?

A

6/9 inattentive symptoms and 6/9 hyeractivity/impulsivity.

The symptoms are present before 12 years and occur in more than one place and in a primary setting. There is clear evidence that symptoms interfere with social/academic function

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9
Q

What tools can be used in order to diagnose ADHD?

A
  1. Clinical interview - any RFs for ADHD?
  2. ADHD nurse classroom observation
  3. Questionnaires (SNAP)
  4. Quantitative behavioural (QB) analysis
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10
Q

Describe the treatment for ADHD

A
  1. Education
  2. Parenting programmes and school support
  3. Medications e.g. methylphenidate
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11
Q

Why is it important to do a cardiac assessment before prescribing medications to help treat a child with ADHD?

A

Some ADHD medications can affect HR and BP

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12
Q

Describe the epidemiology of AuSD

A

1% prevalence

Boys > girls

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13
Q

Give 4 signs of AuSD

A
  1. Communication problems
  2. Social interaction difficulties
  3. Social imagination difficulties
  4. Sensory issues
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14
Q

AuSD signs: what communication problems might a child show?

A
  1. Challenges with non-verbal communication
  2. Lack of desire to communicate
  3. Tendency to communicate needs only
  4. Very literal, no understanding of jokes
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15
Q

AuSD signs: what social interaction difficulties may a child show?

A
  1. Overly friendly/shy
  2. Struggles to understand social roles
  3. No desire to interact
  4. Touches inappropriately, plays alone, poor eye contact, finds it hard to take turns
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16
Q

AuSD signs: what social imagination problems might a child show?

A
  1. Struggles with change
  2. Obsessions/rituals
  3. Repetitive with play
  4. Unable to play/write imaginatively
17
Q

Describe the treatment for AuSD

A
  1. Education and games to encourage social communication
  2. Visual aids and timetables
  3. Parenting workshops and school liaison

There are no medications available for AuSD

18
Q

What are the liver dependent clotting factors?

A

2, 7, 9, 10

19
Q

Give 2 coagulopathies

A
  1. Von Willebrand disease

2. Haemophilia

Phase 3A Medicine (5 decks)

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