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RHCN > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

How do you assess childhood growth?

And how do you recognise deviation from normal patterns?

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2
Q

“RECOGNISE THE NORMAL PATTERN OF INFANTILE, CHILDHOOD AND PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT “

A

(COME UP WITH WAY OF ASKING THIS!!)

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3
Q

What are some of the causes of precocious and delayed puberty?

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4
Q

What are some of the causes of short stature?

When should you refer?

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5
Q

What are some of the causes of tall stature?

When should you refer?

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6
Q

List some of the advantages of breast feeding

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7
Q

What are some of the common difficulties with breast feeding and how are these overcome?

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8
Q

What advice would you give to parents about infant weaning?

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9
Q

Describe the fluid requirements of the ill neonate

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10
Q

Describe the fluid requirements of the ill child

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11
Q

Define “failure to thrive” (growth faltering)

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12
Q

What are some common causes of failure to thrive/growth faltering?

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13
Q

What is defined as childhood obesity? (How do you assess it?)

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14
Q

How does Vit A deficiency present in childhood?

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15
Q

How does Vit D deficiency present in childhood?

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16
Q

How is Vit A deficiency treated in childhood?

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17
Q

How is Vit D deficiency treated in childhood?

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18
Q

Describe how to nutritionally support a chronically sick child

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19
Q

What are some of the common causes of breathlessness in ages ____________ ___________ _________?

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20
Q

What are the common causes of wheeze at ages _____. _______. _____?

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21
Q

How would you diagnose asthma in a school-aged child?

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22
Q

Describe how to instruct an older child in the measurement of peak flow

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23
Q

Describe the management of asthma in childhood (according to guidelines)

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24
Q

What are some of the causes of asthma in childhood?

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25
Q

What is the prognosis of asthma in childhood?

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26
Q

What are the causes of acute stridor in children?

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27
Q

What are the causes of chronic stridor in children?

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28
Q

How common are Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in children?
What are the main ones/causative organisms?

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29
Q

What is the treatment for lower respiratory tract infections in children?

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30
Q

What are the principles of therapy for cystic fibrosis?

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31
Q

Describe the presentation of cystic fibrosis in:

1) infancy
2) childhood
3) adolescence

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32
Q

Describe the changes that occur in the transition from foetal to extrauterine circulation

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33
Q

Describe a cyanotic cardiac disease in childhood.

Outline the treatment.

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34
Q

Describe an acyanotic cardiac disease in childhood.

What is the treatment?

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35
Q

How would you recognise congestive cardiac failure in a child?

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36
Q

What would the initial treatment be for congestive cardiac failure in children?

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37
Q

What clinical signs are associated with Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) in children?

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38
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) in children?

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39
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with coarctation in children?

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40
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in children?

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41
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with pulmonary stenosis in children?

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42
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with aortic stenosis in children?

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43
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Tetralogy of Fallot in children?

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44
Q

Describe some of the common arrhythmias in childhood

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45
Q

What are the principles of treatment of childhood arrhythmias?

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46
Q

How does myocarditis present in childhood?

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47
Q

How is myocarditis in childhood managed?

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48
Q

How does cardiomyopathy present in childhood?

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49
Q

How do you manage cardiomyopathy in children?

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50
Q

What children are at risk of infective endocarditis?

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51
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with infective endocarditis in children?

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52
Q

How do you treat infective endocarditis in children?

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53
Q

Outline the general principles of medical therapy used to treat children with cardiovascular disease

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54
Q

Outline the general principles of surgical therapy used in treatment of cardiovascular disease in children

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55
Q

What are the common causes of vomiting in:

1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence

A

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56
Q

How is vomiting initially managed in:

1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence

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57
Q

What are the common causes of acute diarrhoea in:

1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence

A

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58
Q

What are the common causes of chronic diarrhoea in:

1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence

A

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59
Q

What are the common causes of constipation in:

1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence

A

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60
Q

What are some of the treatment options for constipation in infancy/childhood/adolescence?

A

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61
Q

What are some of the management options for acute diarrhoea in infancy/childhood/adolescence?

A

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62
Q

What are some of the treatment options for chronic diarrhoea in infancy/childhood/adolescence?

A

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63
Q

What are the common causes of acute abdominal pain in children?

A

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64
Q

What are the common causes of chronic abdominal pain in children?

A

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65
Q

What are the common causes of recurrent abdominal pain in children?

A

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66
Q

What are the causes of acute bowel obstruction in

1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence

A

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67
Q

How does acute bowel obstruction present in

1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence

A

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68
Q

What are the principles of management of acute bowel obstruction in

1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence

A

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69
Q

What are the common causes of an abdominal mass in infants?

A

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70
Q

What are the common causes of an abdominal mass in children?

A

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71
Q

What are the common causes of an abdominal mass in adolescence?

A

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72
Q

What are the causes of jaundice in childhood?

A

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73
Q

How would you investigate jaundice in children?

A

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74
Q

What treatment would you initiate in a child presenting with jaundice?

A

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75
Q

What advice would you give to parents about childhood gastroenteritis and oral rehydration therapy?

A

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76
Q

How might haematuria present in children?

A

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77
Q

What are the underlying causes of of haematuria in children?

A

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78
Q

What initial therapies are required in haematuria in children?

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79
Q

How might protienuria present in childhood?

A

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80
Q

What are some common underlying causes of protienuria in children?

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81
Q

What initial therapies are required in a child presenting with protienuria?

A

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82
Q

How do urinary tract infections present at different ages?

Eg: Infancy/Childhood/Adolescence

A

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83
Q

How are UTIs investigated in different ages?

Eg: Infancy/Childhood/Adolescence

A

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84
Q

What treatments are used in the management of UTIs in

1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence

A

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85
Q

What are the major causes of acute renal failure in childhood?

A

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86
Q

What are the major causes of chronic renal failure in childhood?

A

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87
Q

How might acute renal failure present in childhood?

A

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88
Q

How might chronic renal failure present in childhood?

A

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89
Q

What are the initial treatment options for acute renal failure in children?

A

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90
Q

What are the initial treatment options for chronic renal failure in children?

A

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91
Q

What are the physiological consequences of renal failure in children?

A

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92
Q

How would you define polyuria in children?

A

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93
Q

What are the common and important causes of polyuria in children?

A

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94
Q

How would you investigate polyuria in children?

A

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95
Q

How do you treat polyuria in children?

A

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96
Q

What are some common causes of bed wetting in children?

A

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97
Q

What advice would you give to parents about bed wetting?

A

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98
Q

How do you measure (and interpret) childhood blood pressure?

A

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99
Q

What are the causes of hypertension in children?

A

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100
Q

How would you investigate hypertension in children?

A

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101
Q

What are the treatment options for hypertension in children?

A

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102
Q

How do you distinguish between a hernia and a hydrocoele? (In children)

A

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103
Q

Describe the normal development of male external genitalia

A

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104
Q

Describe the development of female external genitalia (including the labia/vulva)

A

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105
Q

What is balanitis?

A

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106
Q

When would you initiate treatment for dysuria in children?

A

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107
Q

When would you initiate treatment of balanitis in children?

A

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108
Q

Describe the normal decent of the testes and mention some common abnormalities in teste decent

A

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109
Q

What is “retractile testes”?

A

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110
Q

What is meant by “undescended testis”?

A

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111
Q

What is the management for retractile testis?

A

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112
Q

What is the management for undescended testis?

A

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113
Q

How does cerebral palsy present?

A

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114
Q

What are the possible causes of cerebral palsy?

A

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115
Q

What are some of the therapies used in cerebral palsy?

A

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116
Q

Define “febrile convulsions” in children

A

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117
Q

How do you differentiate febrile convulsions from other seizure disorders in children?

A

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118
Q

How would you assess the ‘floppy’ infant?

A

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119
Q

What are the causes of a ‘floppy’ infant?

A

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120
Q

How would epilepsy present in

1) Infancy
2) Childhood
3) Adolescence

A

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121
Q

What are the common types of epilepsy in infancy/childhood/adolescence?

A

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122
Q

How are epileptic disorders diagnosed in children?

A

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123
Q

How is epilepsy managed in children?

A

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124
Q

How might neuromuscular diseases present in children?

A

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125
Q

How are neuromuscular diseases investigated in children?

A

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126
Q

How are neuromuscular diseases managed in children?

A

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127
Q

How would you outline the nature, treatment and prevention of febrile convulsions and epilepsy to parents?

A

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128
Q

What are the common and important causes of headaches in childhood?

A

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129
Q

What are some of the treatment options available for headache in childhood?

A

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130
Q

What are the causes of cerebral haemorrhage in children?

A

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131
Q

What are the causes of stroke in children?

A

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132
Q

How are cerebral haemorrhage and stroke assessed in children?

A

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133
Q

How is cerebral haemorrhage managed in children?

A

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134
Q

How is stroke managed in children?

A

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135
Q

How does meningitis present in different age groups of children?

A

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136
Q

How do you investigate meningitis in children?

A

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137
Q

How do you manage meningitis in children?

A

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138
Q

What are the common causes of gait disturbance in

1) Infancy
2) Children
3) Adolescence

A

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139
Q

What are the common causes of delayed development in childhood?

A

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140
Q

What is the importance of loss of/failure to acquire milestones in the major developmental domains?

A

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141
Q

What are some of the milestones in the major developmental domains?

A

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142
Q

What are some important neurocutaneous disorders in children?
How do they present?
How are they treated?

A

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143
Q

What are some of the important neurodegenerative disorders in children?
How do they present?
How are the managed?

A

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144
Q

What are the signs of raised intracranial pressure in

1) Infants
2) Children

A

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145
Q

What are the causes of raised intracranial pressure in

1) Infants
2) Children

A

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RHCN (3 decks)

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