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DONE RTS > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q 
What are the age ranges for...
Neonates
Infants
Children
Adolescents
A

Neonates - 0-1 month
Infant - 1 month - 2 years
Children - 2 years - 12 years
Adolescents - 12 years to 18 years

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2
Q

What age range can the following cough and cold products NOT be used in?

  • Chlorphenamine (amines)
  • Dextromethorphan and pholcodeine
  • Guaifenesin and ipecacuanha
  • Phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, ephedrine
A

Under 6 years

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3
Q

Describe irritant napkin dermatitis…

A
  • Nappy rash
  • Red raw rash
  • Contact from dirty nappies on skin, damp, humid, friction
  • NOT in flexures
  • NO satellite lesions
  • NO other sites effected
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4
Q

Describe Candidal infected napkin dermatitis

A
  • Nappy rash with candidal infection
  • Bright red and well demarcated
  • IN flexures (creases of skin)
  • SATELLITE lesions (small red/white lesions away from main rash)
  • OTHER sites infected
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5
Q

Describe Seborrhoeic dermatitis (nappy area)

A
  • Mistaken for irritant nappy rash
  • Shiny or greasy red nature
  • IN flexures of skin
  • NO satellite lesions
  • OTHER sites infected
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6
Q

Describe psoriasis (nappy area)

A
  • Thick, brittle skin, can be scaly
  • IN flexures of skin
  • NO satellite lesions
  • OTHER sites infected
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7
Q

What are the referral symptoms of suspected napkin dermatitis or differential diagnoses?

A
  • Severe rash (over most of nappy area)
  • Signs of bacterial infection (broken skin, crusting, weep)
  • Treatment failure after 7 days treatment
  • Psoriasis
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8
Q

How do you treat napkin dermatitis?

A
  • Avoid coarse towelling (quality nappies)
  • Change frequently
  • Allow skin to breathe
  • Avoid perfumed washes/wipes
  • Use barrier prep after every change
  • ZINC (SUDOCREM)
  • TITANIUM (METANIUM)
  • DIMETHICONE (CONOTRANE) protect against water
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9
Q

How do you treat napkin dermatitis with candidal infection?

A
  • Use clotrimazole cream 2-3 times a day
  • Do not use the barrier cream when using the clotrimazole cream
  • The oily cream may cause infection to spread otherwise
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10
Q

How do you diagnose eczema?

A
  • Dry, itchy skin
  • Babies may present with it on cheeks
  • Flex of elbow and behind knees
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11
Q

How do you treat eczema?

- Different age ranges

A
  • Under 10 years - emollient cream
  • Over 10 years - Hydrocortisone cream
  • Over 12 years - Clobatasone

LIFESTYLE:

  • Mittens at night to reduce scratching
  • Wet wrap to relieve itching and soothe
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12
Q

When would you refer eczema?

A
  • If suspicion that skin is infected
  • Weeping, crusting
  • IMPETIGO = crusted yellow lesions
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13
Q

What virus causes the chicken pox virus?

A
  • Varicella Zoster Virus

- Herpes virus

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of chicken pox?

A
  • Fever, headache, sore throat
  • Rash a few days later
  • Fluid filled vesicles
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15
Q

What are the referral symptoms of chicken pox?

A
  • Secondary infection due to scratching
  • Signs of chest infection
  • Severely ill
  • Pregnancy
  • New born
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16
Q

What is the treatment for chicken pox?

A
  • Antipyretics - paracetamol
  • Antihistamines - piriton, sedating?
  • Calamine lotion - cooling, helps itch AQ CREAM LESS DRYING THAN LOTION
  • Mitts at night
  • Keep cool
17
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of measles?

A
  • Fever
  • Cough and cold
  • Sore throat
  • Reddish eyes
  • Photophobia
  • Kopliks spots (in mouth, like glued sugar)
  • RASH STARTING AT HAIR LINE AND PROGRESSES

REFER

18
Q

What virus is measles caused by?

What are some complications?

A
  • Paramyxo virus
  • Otitis media
  • Pneumonia
  • Encephalitis
19
Q

What are the symptoms of head lice?
What must be done before treatment commences?
REFERRAL?

A
  • Itching, irritation of scalp, crawling sensation
  • Must identify live louse for treatment on patients head (could just be empty eggs)
  • Small black dots, crawling
  • Refer if crusting, bleeding, weeping, itching elsewhere
  • Scalp condition
  • ASTHMA, ECZEMA (alcohol based)
20
Q

What are the three treatment options for head lice?

A

WET COMBING:

  • Bug buster comb
  • Every 4 days for at least 2 weeks
PHYSICAL INSECTICIDE:
- Dimeticone:
(HEDRIN) lotion leave 8 hrs 
6 months +
- Isopropyl myristate, cyclomethicone: 
(FULL MARKS) leave for 5 mins
2 years

CHEMICAL INSECTICIDE:
- Malathion liquid (DERBAC) not as effective (immune)

21
Q

How do you use head lice treatments?

Lifestyle advice?

A
  • Leave product on for specified time
  • Sometimes requires combing though with metal comb
  • Wash out with normal shampoo
  • ADVISE to carry out twice, 7 days apart
  • Separate hair into sections for ease
  • Tie hair up to avoid contact
  • REASSURE NOT A CLEANLINESS ISSUE!
22
Q

What are the symptoms associated with threadworm?

What are referral criteria?

A
  • Night time perianal scratching, local tingling to acute pain
  • Sleep disturbances due to itching
  • Secondary infection due to itching
  • Worms in stools
  • Recent foreign travel (other worms)
  • Under 2 yrs (no treatment)
  • Pregnant (no treatment)
  • If treatment failure occurs after 2 doses
23
Q

What treatment is available for threadworm?

Lifestyle?

A
  • Mebendazole (Ovex) Suspension
  • Mebendazole (Ovex) Tablets
  • Stat dose, repeat after 2 weeks if reinfestation
  • Family members can be treated with oral solution
  • Hygiene measures - hand washing
  • Do not share towels
  • Wash bed sheets regularly
  • Advise children not to scratch (faecal oral route)
  • Short fingernails
  • Underwear at night to prevent transmission to sheets
24
Q

What is the normal temperature of a child?

  • What is classed as a fever?
  • Where should temperature be taken?
A
  • 37 +/- 1
  • Fever over 38

Suggest under arm
(mouth and rectal not suggested by guidelines)

25
Q

When should you refer a child with a fever?

A
  • Fever in under 3 months
  • Child 3-6 months with fever above 39
  • Fever and no other symptoms
  • Febrile convulsions
  • Purpuric rash CHECK MENINGITIS
  • Stiff neck
  • Long than 5 days
  • Unresponsive
  • Dehydration
26
Q

What is the treatment for temperature?

A
  • Antipyretics:
  • Paracetamol > 3months
  • Ibuprofen > 3months
27
Q

What may be reasons for vomiting in infants?

- Refer when?

A
  • Posseting (regurgitation when fed)
    Advise that this is normal (unless excessive)

REFER - Gastro-oesophageal reflux
Crying, colic, weight loss

REFER - Projectile vomiting

REFER - if lasts longer than 24hrs or bile present

28
Q

What can be recommended for children/infants with diarrhoea?

  • LIFESTYLE
  • What could be the cause
  • Refer?
A
  • ORT
  • Dioralyte
  • Infants make up with boiled and cooled water
  • Give sips throughout the day
  • Wash hands, don’t share towels
  • Sterilise bottles
  • Extra fluids
  • No swim for 2 weeks
  • See if change in feed
  • Vomiting
  • Sunken soft spot on head

REFER:

  • Over 24hrs 1 year
  • Over 48hrs 3 years

DONE RTS (4 decks)

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