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Nick's MD3 > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What are Koplik spots pathognomic of?

A

Measles

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2
Q

Rule of 9s for TBSA for burns in kids: back

A

18%

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3
Q

Describe the rash of rubella

A

A discrete pale pink maculopapular rash (not confluent as in measles).

Starts on the face and neck—spreads to the trunk and extremities.

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4
Q

Rule of 9s for TBSA for burns in kids: front chest/abdo

A

18%

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5
Q

Normal RR in baby aged 5 years or older

A

16

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in newborns?

A

Intussusception

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7
Q

Ix of intussusception?

A

U/S with target sign

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8
Q

Where is the rash of scarlet fever most prominent?

A

Prominent on neck, in axillae, cubital fossa (Pastia lines), groin, skinfolds

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9
Q

What must you consider if there’s a lump near the coccyx?

A

Sacro-coccygeal teratoma

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10
Q

What is the classical presentation of malrotation?

A

Bilious (grassy green) vomiting

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11
Q

How old is a neonate?

A

Less than 28 days

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12
Q

Grassy green vomiting suggests….

A

Malrotation

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13
Q

How does intussusception present?

A

Colicky abdominal pain
Vomiting
Red currant jelly stools

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14
Q

Red currant jelly stools suggests what?

A

Intussuception

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15
Q

What is German measles more properly known as?

A

Rubella

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16
Q

Normal HR in baby aged 5-12 years

A

80-140

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18
Q

Rx of intussusception?

A

Gas enema

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19
Q

Rule of 9s for TBSA for burns in adults: front of chest/abdo

A

18%

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20
Q

Normal HR in baby aged 1-4 years

A

90-160

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21
Q

When is chickenpox no longer infectious?

A

When vesicles have dried

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22
Q

How old is an infant?

A

28 days to 1 year

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23
Q

What are the 3 stages of whooping cough?

A

catarrhal, paroxysmal and convalescent

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24
Q

What are the characteristics of vomiting in pyloric stenosis?

A

Projectile
Non-bilious
Typically 1/2 an hour after feeding
Kid wants to feed after vomiting

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25
Q

What does an enlarged Virchow’s node suggest in a kid?

A

Neuroblastoma or Hodgkin’s disease

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26
Q

Normal HR in baby aged 12 years or over

A

60-130

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27
Q

Define intussusception

A

Small bowel telescopes (or envaginates) on itself

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28
Q

Rule of 9s for TBSA for burns in adults: back

A

18%

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29
Q

Who is the typical patient who develops intussusception (age and gender)

A

5-11 month boy

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30
Q

Normal HR in baby aged term to 12 months

A

100-180

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31
Q

What is the incubation period for chickenpox?

A

10-21 days (usually 15-16 days)

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32
Q

Ix to confirm pyloric stenosis?

A

U/S of abdomen

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34
Q

Define quinsy

A

Peritonsillar abscess complicating tonsillitis

Abscess forms between tonsil and wall of throat

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36
Q

Who is the typical patient to get pyloric stenosis (age and gender)

A

3-6 week old boy

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38
Q

Clinical reactivation of varicella zoster causes what?

A

Herpes zoster (aka shingles)

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39
Q

Rule of 9s for TBSA for burns: 1 leg

A

18%

40
Q

What is the most specific feature of mumps?

A

Parotidomegally

41
Q

Which organism causes slapped cheek syndrome?

A

Parvovirus

42
Q

Normal RR in baby aged term to 3 months

A

30-60 or 30-50

43
Q

Rule of 9s for TBSA for burns in kids: leg

A

14%

44
Q

When does malrotation typically present?

A

First couple of days of life

45
Q

Age of peak incidence of appendicitis?

A

10-12 years

46
Q

What is the most common cause of vomiting in the child?

A

Infection

47
Q

Rule of 9s for TBSA for burns: 1 arm

A

9%

49
Q

Describe the appearance of Koplik spots

A

Bluish white dots ~1mm surrounded by erythema on the buccal mucosa

50
Q

Rule of 9s for TBSA for burns in adults: head

A

9%

51
Q

It presents as an acute febrile exanthematous illness with characteristic lesions on the buccal mucosa called Koplik spots (tiny white spots like grains of salt).

A

Measles

51
Q

What are the 3 Cs of measles?

A

Coryza, cough, conjunctivitis

51
Q

What is slapped cheek syndrome more properly known as?

A

Erythema infectiosum

52
Q

AVPU scoring?

A 
A = alert
V = opens eyes to voice
P = opens eyes to pain
U = unresponsive
53
Q

Ix for suspected malrotation?

A

Upper GI contrast study

54
Q

What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

Coxsackie virus

55
Q

What are the characteristics of the cough in whooping cough?

A
  • Paroxysms of severe coughing with inspiratory ‘whoop’
  • Vomiting (at end of coughing bout)
  • Coughing mainly at night
55
Q

Mx of malrotation with volvulus?

A 
Ladds procedure (untwist bowel)
Appendicectomy
56
Q

What is the treatment for scarlet fever?

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

57
Q

Rule of 9s for TBSA for burns in kids: head

A

18%

58
Q

What is the role for ABx in whooping cough?

A

Clarithromycin or azithromycin or erythromycin
Can reduce period of communicability if given in first 3 weeks of cough
But no effect on Sx

59
Q

Which organism causes whooping cough?

A

Bordetella pertussis

61
Q

When is a child with hand foot and mouth disease no longer infectious?

A

Once the blisters have disappeared

62
Q

Describe the rash of varicella

A

Maculopapular vesicular rash with a centripetal distribution

62
Q

What is the HEADSS acronym for in psychosocial Hx taking?

A 
Home
Education/employment
Activities
Drugs and alcohol
Sex
Suicide
63
Q

Normal RR in baby aged 1-4 years

A

20

64
Q

____ is a viral infection which causes swelling of the larynx and trachea, making the airway narrower, often causing a harsh, barking cough

A

Croup

67
Q

Which organism causes scarlet fever?

A

Strep pyogenes (Group A strep)

68
Q

Normal RR in baby aged 4-12 months

A

30-40

69
Q

Rule of 9s for TBSA for burns in kids: arms

A

9%

71
Q

Why is aspirin not given to kids?

A

Risk of Reye syndrome

72
Q

What is the characteristic finding on FBE in whooping cough?

A

Lymphocytosis

73
Q

What percentage of unimmunised children will eventually develop pertussis?

A

70%

75
Q

When is mumps most infectious?

A

During the prodrome

76
Q

Describe the rash of erythema infectiosum

A

Bright macular rash erupts on the face first
After a day or so, a maculopapular rash appears on the limbs
The rash lasts for only a few days but may recur for several weeks

77
Q

What are the metabolic complications of pyloric stenosis?

A

HypoK, hypoCl metabolic alkalosis

78
Q

What is the formula for oxygen delivery?

A

Oxygen delivery = HR x SV x Hb x SpO2 x 1.31

79
Q

Definition of failure to thrive in kids?

A

BMI lower than 5th percentile

80
Q

Definition of overweight in kids?

A

BMI is 85-95th percentile

81
Q

Definition of obesity in childhood?

A

BMI over 95th percentile

82
Q

What is the major determinant of the pubertal growth span in boys and girls?

A

Oestrogen

83
Q

Paracetamol dosing in kids

A

15 ml/kg QID

84
Q

Ibuprofen dosing in kids

A

10 mg/kg TDS

85
Q

Empiric ABx for septic child with unknown focus and normal CSF?

A

fluclox + gentamicin

86
Q

Empiric ABx for septic child with unknown focus and unknown CSF?

A

cefotaxime + flucloxacillin

87
Q

ABx for fever in neonate with no focus?

A

Cefotaxime and flucloxacillin

88
Q

ABx for child with UTI and unwell or less than 6 months

A

Ben pen and gentamicin

89
Q

ABx for well child with UTI and well

A

Oral bactrim or trimethoprim

+/- 1 shot of gentamicin

90
Q

ABx for child with pneumonia

A 
Mild = amoxycillin
Mod = benzyl penicillin
Severe = fluclox + 3rd gen cephalosporin + consider azithromycin
91
Q

ABx for child with meningitis

A

If younger than 2 months = cefotaxime + ben pen

If older than 2 months = 3rd gen cephalosporin

Nick's MD3 (7 decks)

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