Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dentistry Module 5 > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 R’s?

A

Recognition, re-orientation, remineralisation, repair, review

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 8 specific techniques that can be used to build rapport with young patients and encourage them to undergo treatment?

A
  1. Enhancing control
  2. Relaxation (breathing)
  3. Tell-show-do
  4. Positive reinforcement and reward
  5. Modelling (use mum, dad, sibling)
  6. Desensitisation
  7. Structured time
  8. Hypnosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the benefits of sequential treatment planning?

A
  • can help reduce anxiety
  • allows for acclimatisation to procedures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What could you call topical anaesthetic when speaking to a child?

A

“Tingle jelly”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the only situation where you would be giving a young child an IANB?

A

For pulpotomy procedure on lower E’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A cartridge of 2.2ml lidocaine contains how many mg of lignocaine?

A

44mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What chemical is used in inhalation sedation?

A

Nitrous oxide/oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What medication is used for IV sedation?

A

Midazolam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How old does a child have to be in order to undergo IV sedation?

A

15 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most effective medicinal treatment in the prevention of tooth decay?

A

The application of fluoride directly onto tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is childsmile?

A

An initiative to give prevention and toothbrushing advice to nursing mothers and nursery school children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What acronym is used for a process important in motivational interviewing and what does it stand for?

A

SOARS,
S- seek permission
O- open questions
A- affirmations
R- reflective listening
S- summarise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Children and young people up to the age of 18 who are at standard risk of developing dental caries should be advised to use what concentration of fluoride toothpaste?

A

1500 ppmF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Children and young people up to the age of 10 who are at an increased risk of developing dental caries should be advised to use what concentration of fluoride toothpaste?

A

1450ppmF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Children and young people who are aged from 10 to 16, who are at standard risk of developing dental caries should be advised to use what concentration of fluoride toothpaste?

A

1000-15000ppmF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the toxic dose of fluoride ingestion?

A

5mg of fluoride per Kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What plaque score is used in paeds at DDH?

A

Modified Silness and Loe plaque index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

On the modified Silness and Loe plaque index, what does a plaque score of 0 (=10/10) indicate?

A

Tooth surface is clean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

On the modified Silness and Loe plaque index, what does a plaque score of 1 (=8/10) indicate?

A

Appears clean but dental plaque can be removed from gingival 3rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

On the modified Silness and Loe plaque index, what does a plaque score of 3 (=4/10) indicate?

A

Tooth surface covered with abundant plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

On the modified Silness and Loe plaque index, what does a plaque score of 2 (=6/10) indicate?

A

Visible plaque along gingival margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What toothbrushing technique is most effective at reducing gingivitis and why?

A

Modified Bass technique. The toothbrush bristles reach under the gums to scrub off plaque before it hardens into tartar and causes gum disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the FRANKL scoring system

A
  • assessed on a scale of 1-4
  • 1= very comfortable at dentist and behaving well
  • 2= acceptable of treatment, at times cautious
  • 3= reluctant to accept treatment, uncooperative
  • 4= refusal of treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the MCDAS scoring system

A
  • contains 8 questions
  • each question has a 5 point scale (1 indicates no anxiety, 5 indicates highly anxious)
  • overall scores may range from 8-40
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does an overall MCDAS score of below 19 indicate?

A

No dental anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does an overall MCDAS score of over 31 indicate?

A

Severe dental phobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are main risk factors for dental caries?

A
  1. High sugar intake
  2. Inadequate brushing/ use of fluoride toothpaste
  3. Pre-existing medical conditions
  4. SES
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why do we stage hall crown technqiue if several are needed, instead of placing them all at once?

A

After placement of a hall crown, OVD increases. If tow are placed on same side of mouth there will be too much change in occlusion and this can be very uncomfortable for patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the difference between diet and nutrition?

A

Diet = refers to the food and drink you intake/eat
Nutrition = refers to obtaining food that is necessary for health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are intrinsic sugars?

A

Sugars held within the cell structure in foods (e.g. vegetables)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are extrinsic sugars?

A

“Free” sugars, sugar present outside the cells structure (added sugars) (e.g. honey,milk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How many times a day would you recommend as the maximum for eating non-milk intrinsic sugars?

A

Limit to no more than twice a day (max 24g)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the concentration of the topical fluoride, Duraphat?

A

22,600ppm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How would you calculate the toxic dose of topical fluoride?

A

The toxic dose is 5mg per kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How could you quickly treat fluoride toxicity? And why?

A

Get patient to drink milk, the calcium in the milk bonds to the fluoride molecules reducing their concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the indications for fissure sealing teeth?

A
  • high risk caries
  • MIH
  • enamel defects
  • deep fissures
  • initial presentation of permanent molars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the advantages for using GI for fissure sealing?

A
  • fluoride release
  • quick to place
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the advantages for using resin for fissure sealing?

A
  • adheres to tooth surface better due to acid etching
  • more strength, lasts longer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What concentration of fluoride toothpaste and what amount is appropriate to give to a child <3 years old?

A

1000ppm, smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What concentration of fluoride toothpaste and what amount is appropriate to give to a child 3-6 years old?

A

> 1000ppm, pea sized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What concentration of fluoride toothpaste and what amount is appropriate to give to a child 7+ years old?

A

1350-1500ppm

42
Q

What fluoride intervention is appropriate to give to a child 8+ years old?

A

0.05% sodium fluoride daily rinse

43
Q

What fluoride intervention is appropriate to give to a child 10+ years old?

A

2800ppm toothpaste

44
Q

What fluoride intervention is appropriate to give to a child 16+ years old?

A

2800/5000ppm toothpaste

45
Q

How many times can topical fluoride varnish be applied per year?

A

2-4 times per year

46
Q

What is the recommended dose of topical fluoride varnish for a child 2-5 years old?

A

0.25 ml

47
Q

What is the recommended dose of topical fluoride varnish for a child 6+ years old?

A

0.4ml

48
Q

What are the three contraindications to fluoride varnish treatment?

A
  1. Colophony allergy
  2. Have been hospitalised with severe asthma
  3. Ulcerative gingivitis
49
Q

What is meant by nutrition?

A

The intake of nutrients

50
Q

What oral disease is linked with malnutrition?

A

Periodontal disease

51
Q

What are the two subgroups of extrinsic sugars?

A
  • milk sugars
  • non-milk extrinsic sugars
52
Q

Give three examples of non-milk extrinsic sugars?

A
  1. Sugar added to tea or coffee
  2. Sugar added to manufactured products or in cooking
  3. Sugars released in fruit juices, smoothies and pulps
53
Q

How often should sugary food be consumed in one day?

A

No more than 4 times daily

54
Q

What are the three key requirements for affecting change in health-related behaviour?

A
  1. Knowledge
  2. Skills
  3. Attitude
55
Q

What weight of sugars per 100g of food is considered high sugar intake?

A

15g sugars per 100g of food

56
Q

What weight of sugars per 100g of food is considered medium sugar intake?

A

Between 5g and 15g sugars per 100g of food

57
Q

What weight of sugars per 100g of food is considered low sugar intake?

A

5g of sugars or less per 100g of food

58
Q

When should solid food be introduced to babies?

A

Around the 6 month mark

59
Q

What foods are good for nutrition?

A
  • fruit
  • vegetables
  • fish
60
Q

What type of foods should we cut down in as they are not nutritious?

A
  • processed foods
  • saturated fat and sugar
61
Q

What is the primary mineral in saliva?

A

Hydroxyapatite

62
Q

Name 9 types of fluoride delivery?

A
  1. Toothpastes
  2. Mouthrinses
  3. Varnishes
  4. Gels
  5. Tablets
  6. Water
  7. Milk
  8. Salt
  9. Slow release glass beads
63
Q

What is the concentration of duraphat fluoride varnish?

A

22,600ppm

64
Q

What volume of fluoride varnish should be applied for patients aged 2-5 years old?

A

0.25ml

65
Q

What volume of fluoride varnish should be applied for patients aged 6 years and above?

A

0.4ml

66
Q

What are the acute symptoms of toxic fluoride dose?

A

Nausea and vomiting

67
Q

What is the probable toxic dose of fluoride?

A

5mg/kg of body weight

68
Q

What should you do as a dentist in the case of an acute overdose of fluoride?

A
  • To minimise absorption of fluoride, give a calcium contains solution (e.g. milk)
  • transfer child to A+E
69
Q

What patient signs suggest a dental phobia?

A
  • excessive dental fear and anxiety for at least 6 months
  • avoiding dental care
  • fear is out of proportion
  • clinically significant distress or functional impairment
70
Q

What are the three pathways that lead to fears and anxieties?

A
  1. Direct conditioning
  2. Vicarious learning/modelling
  3. Exposure to threatening information
71
Q

Give 4 examples of direct conditioning that may lead a child to feel anxious or fearful of attending the dentist?

A
  • pain/feelings of helplessness
  • issues with behaviour/ personality of dental professional
  • serious treatment failures/clinical errors
  • feelings of embarrassment
72
Q

Name four endogenous factors that could lead to a person having anxiety?

A
  1. Genetics
  2. General anxiety
  3. Age (young are more anxious)
  4. Gender (females typically have more anxiety)
73
Q

What age should a child be in order to fill out a MCDAS form?

A

At least age 8

74
Q

What is the collective term for unco-operative behaviours that act to disrupt the provision of dental treatment?

A

Behaviour management problems

75
Q

What technique is widely used to familiarise a patient with a new procedure?

A

Tell, show do

76
Q

What are the 5 steps you would use to explain placement of a fissure sealant to a child?

A
  1. shampoo (with acid etching)
  2. Wash ( 3 in 1)
  3. Dry ( 3 in 1)
  4. White paint (fissure sealant)
  5. Special torch (LED curing light)
77
Q

Name three negative reinforcement techniques, that are no longer used in the UK?

A
  • selective exclusion of parents
  • hand over mouth
  • papoose board
78
Q

What is gillick competence?

A

Outlines whether a child (under age of 16) can consent to their own medical treatment without their parents having to know or give permission.

79
Q

What does GIRFEC stand for?

A

Get it right for every child

80
Q

When caries progresses from ADJ to pulp, what occurs?

A

Odontoblast adjacent to carious lesion demonstrate and inflammatory response and reactionary dentine is deposited as a protective measure

81
Q

How many roots and canals do mandibular primary molars have?

A

2 roots
2 canals ( mesial and distal)

82
Q

How many roots and canals do maxillary primary molars have?

A

Three roots
Three canals ( mesiobuccal, distobuccal, palatal)

83
Q

What are the properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)?

A
  • biocompatible
  • induces are tissue formation
  • good success rate
  • expensive
84
Q

What material is used to for RCT of primary teeth?

A

Non-setting calcium hydroxide

85
Q

Why is gutta percha unsuitable for RCT of primary teeth?

A

It is not resorbable

86
Q

What management strategy should be used for preventative anxiety management?

A

Non-pharmacological behaviour management (NPBMT)

87
Q

What BMT can be used for inattentive but communicative children?

A

Voice control

88
Q

What BMT is widely used to familiarise a patient with a new procedure?

A

Tell,show,do

89
Q

What is meant by baby led weaning?

A

Weaning a child onto solid foods

90
Q

What is colostrum?

A

The milk a mother produces in the first few days after birth, which has extra immunity antibodies.

91
Q

At what age are babies able to observe and react to the emotions of others?

A

12 months

92
Q

At what age are children able to assert themselves and have a sense of self?

A

2 years old

93
Q

At what age does a baby start crawling?

A

Between 8-12 months

94
Q

At what age should children start to learn to walk?

A

Around 1 year old

95
Q

Name 4 types of communications aids?

A
  • interpreting services: in person and virtual
  • BSL
  • makaton
  • PECS/social stories
96
Q

What is makaton?

A

Makaton is a unique language that uses symbols, signs and speech.

97
Q

What are the 4 pillars of prevention in paediatric dentistry?

A
  1. Fluoride (varnish or toothpaste)
  2. OHI
  3. Dietary investigations
  4. Sealants
98
Q

At what age do maxillary canines errupt?

A

10-12 years old

99
Q

What teeth are used to chart a simplified BPE on a child?

A

Index teeth: permanent first molars, upper right permanent central incisor and upper left permanent central incisor

100
Q

What is the restoration of choice after carrying out pulp treatment on a deciduous tooth?

A

Stainless steel crown

Dentistry Module 5 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions