Paediatrics Flashcards
At 6 weeks of age, what Gross motor tasks should a normal child be able to do?
- primitive reflexes -> stepping, moro, grasping, sucking, rooting
- supine -> some head control on pull to sit
- Sitting -> needs full support including head
- Prone -> lifts head intermittently
At 6 weeks of age, what fine motor skills should a normal child be able to do?
- hands usually open
- grasp reflex
- fixes and follows side to midline
At 6 weeks of age, what hearing/speech should a normal child be able to do?
- responds to voice
- startles to loud noice
At 6 weeks of age, what social/self help should a normal child be able to do?
- smiles responsibly
What are red flags at 6 weeks?
- asymmetric moro reflex
- no response to loud noise
- not starting to smile
4 years gross motor?
- descends stairs 1 foot per step
- hops on one foot
- can run to kick a ball
4 year old fine motor?
- copies a cross and a square
- can draw a face
4 year old hearing/speech?
knows opposites
- understands cold, tired, hungry
- asks why, what questions
4 year old social/ self help ?
- knows family name
- does up front buttons
4 year old red flags?
- no imaginative play
- not toilet trained by day
3 year old gross motor?
- climbs stairs 1 foot per step
- jumps on the spot
- pedals tricycle
- can stand on one leg for 5 s
3 year old fine motor?
- mature pencil grip
- copies circle
- uses scissors
- has hand dominence
3 year old hearing and speech?
- joining 3 words
- can count to 10
- knows 3 colours
3 year old social/self help
- dresses except laces and buttons
- can undo buttons
- plays co-operatively
- usually toilet trained -> can still weight at night
- knows name and gender
3 year old red flags
- not playing interactively with peers
- not making eye contact
- speech difficult for family to understand
- not using 2-3 word sentences
2 year old gross motor?
- runs
- stands and kicks a ball
- can throw ball underhand
2 year old fine motor
- turns single pages
- imitates a vertical line
- unscrews small bottle lid
2 year old hearing and speech
- many words (50+)
- joining 2 words
- identifies pictures (teddy, spoon etc)
2 year old social, self help
- washes and dries hands
- may be dry by day but large range here
- parallel play -> play alongside but not with other children
2 year old red flags
- not joining words
- not running
18 month gross motor?
- climbs stairs two feet at a time
- walks well
- able to stoop and get back up
18 month fine motor?
- scribbles purposefully
- hand dominance no longer abnormal -> may start to form preference
- tow block tower
18 month hearing/speech?
- 6+ words with meaning
- identifies 2 parts of body
18 month social, self help?
- feeds self with a spoon
- drinks from a cup
- imaginative play 15-18 months
18 month red flags
- not walking
- less than 6 words with meaning
- not feeding self
- not pointing to indicate wants
- still casting
12 months gross motor?
- stands alone (10-14 motnhs)
- walks (average 12 months)
- pivots when sitting
12 month fine motor
- mature pincer grip
- container play
12 month hearing/speech
- 2-3 single words with meaning
12 month social, self help
- points with index finger to indicate wants
- casts -> throws toys deliberately aside
- developed stranger awareness
12 month red flags
- not standing with support
- no pincer grip
- no stranger awareness
9 month gross motor?
- sits unsupported -> 6-9months
- has lateral prop reflex
- crawls or bottom shuffles -> 7-12 months
- pull to stand -> 7-12 months
- stands with support -> 7-12 months
9 months fine motor?
- raking grasp
- lateral pincer grip (picks fluff of floor)
- pokes at small objects with index finger
- bangs objects together
- object permanence (looks for fallen toy or finds partly hidden toy
9 months hearing/speech?
- puts sounds together with rhythm and tone in ways that sound like normal speech -> jargon.
- says mama and dada etc
9 months social/self help
- chews solids
- waves bye-bye
- start of stranger awareness
what are red flags at 9 months?
- not sitting unsupported
- not transferring objects from one hand to the other
6mo gross motor
- supine -> anticipates (head off bed) when pulled to sit
- sitting -> tripod stance, unsteady
- standing -> bounces when held on feet
- prone -> lifts head on extended arms, may roll to supine or other way
6 mon fine motor
- reaches for objects
- grasps toys with both hands
- puts objects to mouth
- palmer grasps
- transfers objects from one hand to another
6 mo hearing/speech
- turns head to localise soft sounds at ear level
- babbles -> single sylabbles in strings bababab eg
- makes different sounds (ah, eh, oh)
- sing song tones
6 mo social, self help
- prefers mother/main carer to others
- finger feeds
- holds bottle
- holds arms out to be picked up
red flags 6 mon
- not reaching for objects
- hand preference -> should use hands equally
3 mon gross motor
- supine -> no head lag
- sitting -> head steady with truncal support
- standing -> supports weight, no stepping reflex
- prone -> lifts head and chest, supports on forearms
3 mo fine motor
- follows through 180 degrees
- hand regard
- holds object briefly in hand
3 mon hearing/speech
coos in vowel sounds
- laughs
3 mo social/ self help
- smiles spontaneously
- enjoys handling
3 mo red flags
- not fixing and following
- head lag
