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Paediatrics > Paediatric urology > Flashcards

Paediatric urology Flashcards

1
Q

Presentation of paediatric urological problems

A
  • Systemic
    • Fever, vomitng
    • Failure to thrive
    • Anaemia
    • Hypertension
    • Renal failure
  • Local
    • Pain
    • Changes in urine
    • Abnormal voiding
    • Mass
    • Visible abnormalities
  • Antenatal → asymptomatic
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2
Q

Inguinal hernia

A
  • Groin swelling
  • Boys > girls
  • Increased risk with prematurity
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3
Q

Management of inguinal hernia

A
  • < 1 year
    • Urgent referral
    • Immediate repair
  • > 1 year
    • Elective referral and repair
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4
Q

Hydrocele

A
  • Scrotal swelling
  • Painless → increases with crying, straining and evening
  • Bluish colour
  • Management → conservative until age of 5
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5
Q

Cryptorchidism (undescended testis)

A
  • Any testis that cannot be manipulated into bottom half of scrotum
  • True undescended testis
  • Retractile testis
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6
Q

Indication for orchidopexy

A
  • Fertility
  • Malignancy
  • Trauma
  • Torsion
  • Cosmetic
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7
Q

Circumcision

A
  • Removal of foreskin
  • Indication
    • Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO)
    • Balanoprosthitis
    • Religious
    • UTI
  • Advantages
    • Reduces UTI;s
    • Prevents penile cancer
    • Sexual enhancement
    • AIDS/ STD
  • Disadvantages
    • Painful
    • Complications
    • Looks different
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8
Q

Differentials of acute scrotum

A
  • Testicular torsion
  • Epididymitis
  • Traum
  • Haematocele
  • Incarcerated inguinal hernia
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9
Q

Presentation of testicular torsion

A
  • Testicular pain (intermittent or acute on-and off)
  • No relief upon elevation of scrotum
  • Scrotal swelling or oedema
  • Nausea/ vomiting
  • Abdo pain
  • Fever
  • Urinary frequency
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10
Q

Presentation of testicular torsion

A
  • Testicular pain (intermittent or acute on-and off)
  • No relief upon elevation of scrotum
  • Scrotal swelling or oedema
  • Nausea/ vomiting
  • Abdo pain
  • Fever
  • Urinary frequency
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11
Q

Risk factors of testicular torsion

A
  • Age 25 and under
  • Neonate
  • Bell clapper deformity
  • Trauma/ exercsise
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12
Q

Definition of testicular torsion

A
  • Urological emergency caused by twisting of testicles on spermatic cord
  • Contriction of vascular supply → ischaemia/ necrosis of testicular tissue
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13
Q

Complications of UTI

A
  • Renal scarring → reflux nephropathy and CKD
  • Hypertension
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14
Q

Definition of UTI

A
  • Pure growth of bacteria > 105
  • Pyuria
  • Systemic upset
  • Fever, vomiting
    *
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15
Q

Investigations in UTI

A
  • History and examination → FH, bowel habits, voiding dysfunction
  • Ultrasound scan
  • Renograpy → MAG3, DMSA
  • Micturating cystourethrogram
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16
Q

VUR

A
  • Urine flow back into one or two ureters into kidneys
  • Treatment
    • Conservative → voiding advice, fluids, treat constipation
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis → trimethoprim
    • Ureteric preimplantation
17
Q

Hypospadias

A
  • Urethral meatus on ventral aspect of penis
  • Classified according to location of meatus
  • Investigations → ultrasound (severe)
  • Management → avoid circumcision in stage 1 or stage 2
18
Q

Hypospadias

A
  • Urethral meatus on ventral aspect of penis
  • Classified according to location of meatus
  • Investigations → ultrasound (severe)
  • Management → avoid circumcision in stage 1 or stage 2

Paediatrics (10 decks)

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