Paediatric Trauma - Intro Flashcards
What % children have obtained injury to permanent incisors?
12% 12 years olds
10% 15 year olds
Male:female 2:1
What is the peak age for incidence of injury?
8-10years
What % of children have trauma to primary dentition?
Boys - 31-40%
Girls 16-30%
What is the aetiology for trauma to primary dentition?
Falls
Contact sport
Activities - bike/ swimming
Serious: assault, N-A-I
Examples of predisposing factors?
Increased overjet (2x risk if OJ >6mm) Poor lip coverage Previous trauma Epilepsy - poorly controlled ADHD
What preventative measures could be used to reduce incidence?
Mouthguard for sports
Seatbelts
Early orthodontic intervention
Playground design
What is enamel infarction?
Incomplete fracture - no toothloss
Dental trauma to brittle enamel - remain adherent underlying dentine
Can be seen w/ transillumination
What in enamel fracture?
Uncomplicated crown fracture
Most common type injury permanent tooth
Loss of tooth tissue - enamel only
No sign/ symptoms - may be some sensitivity
What is an enamel-dentine fracture?
Uncomplicated crown fracture
Loss of enamel and dentine
No plural involvement
See sensitivity
What is a complicated crown fracture?
Fracture involving pulp
See pain
May see bleeding
What are the different types of root fractures?
- Apical 1/3
- Middle 1/3
- Coronal 1/3
- Horizontal
- Oblique
- Complicated
- Uncomplicated
What radiographs should be taken if root fracture?
2 views: PA/ USO - if taken in same direction as root fracture may miss
What are dents-alveolar injuries?
- Concussion
- Subluxation
- Luxation
What is concussion?
Injury to tooth supporting structures w/o abnormal losing or displacement of the tooth
What is subluxation?
Injury to tooth supporting tissues w/ abnormal loosening but w/o displacement
What are the 4 types of luxation?
- Intrusion - moved into socket
- Extrusion - moved out socket
- Lateral - moved on axis
- Avulsion -lost socket
What are different types of alveolar injuries?
Crushing/ compression alveolar wall
Fracture alveolar socket wall/ process
Fracture mand/ max
What hx is important to take for children?
Who attended with HPC If lost tooth - is accounted for Head-injury/ other injuries Safeguarding concerns
How may EO exam vary in children?
May want to include a diagram of injuries - can be helpful for medico-legal issues
Trauma:
SF: swelling, bruising, lacerations
Bony: open/ close
How does IO vary in trauma case?
ST: lacerations, haematoma, torn frenum
Teeth: fracture, plural exposure, discolouration, mobility, TTP, occlusion
Why are radiographs useful trauma case?
Assist diagnosis
Basis for comparison later films
Size pulp, development apex, presence root fractures, any PA pathology, relation permanent successor
If tooth concussed/ lunation injury will nerve damage recover?
Yes - may recover in 3 months
