paediatric textbook Flashcards
what are the chest signs of bronchiolitis?
chest movement, percussion, auscultation
chest movement: laboured breathing, hyperinflated chest, chest recession
percussion: hyperresonant- hyper inflated with air
auscultation: fine crackles in all zones, wheezes may/may not be present
what are the chest signs of pneumonia?
chest movement: reduced on affected side
rapid, shallow breaths
percussion: dull
auscultation: bronchial breathing, crackles
what are the chest signs of asthma?
chest movement: reduced but hyperinflated
use of accessory muscles
chest wall retraction
percussion: hyper resonant
auscultation: wheeze
what are the chest signs of croup?
chest movement: chest wall retraction, stridor
percussion: normal
auscultation: stridor from upper airways
what are the 4 common chest disorders of children?
pneumonia
bronchiolitis
asthma
croup
what are the different respiratory rates in children (normal & tachypnoea)?
neonate, infant, young children, older children
neonate normal: 30-50, tachypnoea: >60
infant normal: 25-40, tachypnoea: >50
young children normal: 25-35, tachypnoea: >40
older children: 20-25, tachypnoea: >30
how is increased work of breathing judged by ?
nasal flaring
expiratory grunting- to increase positive-end expiratory pressure
use of accessory muscles: especially sternomastoids
retraction (recession of chest wall
difficult speaking or feeding
what would clubbing of fingers and/or toes suggest?
chronic suppurative lung disease: CF or cyanotic congenital heart disease
what are examples of respiratory distress in terms of cause that classify as serious illness?
upper airway obstruction (stridor) : croup/epiglottitis, foreign body, congenital malformations, trauma
lower airway disorders: asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, pneumothorax
what are examples of drowsy or unconscious/seizing child in terms of cause that classify as serious illness?
infection: meningitis/encephalitis
metabolic: diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycaemia
head injury: trauma
intracranial haemorrhage
