Paediatric Surgery Flashcards
where do the testes start?
from the kidneys
what might have happened to a teste that didn’t fully descend?
never formed in the first place (esp if there is dysplastic kidney)
stuck somewhere on its way down
twisted and died (often during labour)
whats the difference between a hernia and a hydrocele?
hydrocele - you can get above it
not able to get above a hernia because its bowel
what age should you have operated on a child with an undescended testicle?
12 months
how long do you have to restore blood supply in a testicle with torsion?
roughly 6 hours - but varies
acute scrotum ddx
testicular torsion
hydatid torsion
epididymitis (normally sexually active or boys in nappies with
HSP (can lead to intussusception)
idopathic scrotal oedema (swelling travels towards the anus)
testicular torsion symptoms and signs
acute unilateral scrotal pain
systemic upset
scrotal swelling and erythema
bell clapper testis
what is hypospadia?
where the opening of the urethra is in an abnormal position - can be on the glans underside, distal penile, penile, scrotal or perineal
what about hypospadia between where the balls should be but you can’t feel the balls?
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- girls present like boys
what is BXO? what is balanitis?
BXO - need surgery
balanitis
if a boy comes to GP clinic with a painful testicle what do you do?
send them to A+E and ring the surgeons whilst they’re on the way
non retracted foreskin in a 5 year old -
normal or abnormal?
likely normal
what must you rule out in a baby with green vomit?
what must you do to rule it out?
rule out malrotation volvulus
upper GI contract series - e.g barium swallow to rule it out
two worst things for a child to ingest?
button batteries
magnets
neck lumps -
what should you ask the child to do when examining them to narrow down the diagnosis?
thyroglossal cysts will move when swallowing and sticking their tongue out
