Paediatric Pharmacology Flashcards
Why are children more at risk of an adverse drug reaction?
More at risk of adverse drug reactions as they are more sensitive to drugs due to the immaturity of their organ systems
What drugs are known to be very toxic in children?
SSRIs
Digoxin
Antiepileptic drugs
Cytotoxics
When should paroxetine be avoided in children?
SSRI but cannot be given to children with depression as it has been shown to quadruple suicide risk
How do dosages change in children?
Larger initial doses in terms of mg/kg are required in children to attain the same plasma concentration as they have a higher water content in their body
What are the main differences in pharmacokinetics in children?
Increased free drug due to decreased plasma protein binding
Increased response due to increased free drug, decreased hepatic metabolism and decreased renal elimination
Increased CNS effects due to decreased blood-brain barrier
What factors increase drug sensitivity in children?
Fever
Dehydration
Acidosis
What changes in adolescents need to be taken into account when prescribing?
Major changes in hormone secretion, growth and behaviour
Noncompliance common
Suicide attempts more common
Illicit drug use more common
