Paediatric Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What is amblyopia?

A

Reduced vision in one eye die to a degraded retinal image throughout childhood. This results in poor development of binocular visual pathways.

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2
Q

List three things that can cause amblyopia?

A

Squint
Refractive errors
Obstruction to visual axis such as cataracts and ptosis

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3
Q

How can amblyopia be treated/avoided?

A

Occlusion treatment to good eye

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4
Q

List 5things that can cause a squint?

A
  1. Congenital
  2. Long sightedness
  3. Cranial nerve palsies (III, IV, VI)
  4. Muscle pathology such as myasthenia gravis
  5. Blow out fractures to the orbit
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5
Q

How does hypermetropia result in an esotropic squint?

A
  1. It increases the accomodative effort for looking at near things resulting in overaccommodation and overconvergence
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6
Q

How do you treat a esotropia causes by hypermetropia?

A

Correct glasses as this reduces the accomodative drive, aligns the eyes and restores binocular vision

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7
Q

What is the treatment of a squint?

A

Correct refractive errors
Treat ambylyopia
Surgery

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8
Q

What would be the indications for performing surgery for a squint?

A

Large infantile squint
Significant residual squint
Chance of restoring binocular vision

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9
Q

What would you be worried about if a child had an opacity in the red reflex?

A

Cataracts

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10
Q

What would you be worried about if a child had no red reflex?

A

Retinoblastoma /retinal detachment

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11
Q

What are the two causes of sticky red eyes in infancy and how do they present?

A
  1. Chlamydial Conjunctivitis (Sticky and red in the first 10 days of birth)
  2. Blocked nasolacrimal duct (Sticky and white uninflamed eye from 2 months)
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12
Q

How do you treate chlamydial conjunctivitis in an infant?

A

Erythromycin

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13
Q

How do you diagnose congenital nasolacrimal duct block?

A

Delayed fluroscin dye disappearance

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14
Q

How do you treat congenital nasolacrimal duct block?

A

Bathe and massage sac
Syringe and probing if no resolving
Most resolve spntaneously by 1 year

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