Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HDSO Respiratory System > Paediatric Lower Respiratory Tract Infections > Flashcards

Paediatric Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of lower respiratory tract infections in children?

A
  • Tracheitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Bronchitis
  • Bronchiolitis
  • Empyema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the common bacterial infective agents?

A
  • Strep pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Marxella catarrhalis
  • Mycopasma pneumoniae
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the common viral infective agents?

A
  • RSV
  • Parainfluenza III
  • Influenza A and B
  • Adenovirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is tracheitis?

A
  • Inflammation of the trachea

- Croup that does not get better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What organisms cause tracheitis?

A

Staph or strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is tracheitis treated?

A

Augmentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does tracheitis present?

A
  • Fever
  • Sick child
  • Barking cough
  • Stridor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

Endobrachial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What organisms cause bronchitis?

A
  • Haemophilus

- Pneumococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does bronchitis present?

A
  • Loose rattly cough with URTI
  • Post-tussive vomit- ‘glut’
  • Child very well
  • Sounds like Darth Vader
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the chest free of inn bronchitis?

A

Wheeze and creps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mechanism of bacterial bronchitis?

A
  • Disturbed mucociliary clearance
  • Minor airway malacia
  • RSV/adenovirus
  • Infection secondary
  • Lack of social inhibition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the normal duration of bronchitis cough?

A

A couple of weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the natural history of bacterial bronchitis?

A
  • Following URTI
  • Lasts 4 weeks
  • Improves with successive Winters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the criteria for persistent bacterial bronchitis?

A
  • Wet cough
  • More than 1 month
  • Remission with antibiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 steps to ‘treating’ bacterial bronchitis?

A
  • Make the diagnosis
  • Reassure
  • Do not treat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

A LRTI affecting infants primarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the prevalence of bronchiolitis?

A

Affects 30-40% of infants

19
Q

What is the presentation of bronchiolitis?

A
  • Nasal stuffiness
  • Tachypnoea
  • Poor feeding
  • Crackles with/without wheeze
20
Q

What usually causes bronchiolitis?

A
  • RSV
  • Paraflu III
  • HMPV
21
Q

When is RSV most prevalent?

A

Over the Christmas period

22
Q

Who does bronchiolitis affect?

A

Under 12 months old

23
Q

What is the pattern of bronchiolitis?

A
  • It is a one off

- Does not recur

24
Q

What is the progression of bronchiolitis?

A
  • Child gets rapidly worse about day 2-5
  • Child stabilises but does not get better 5-7
  • Child recovers 7 days plus
25
How is bronchiolitis managed?
- Maximal observation | - Minimal intervention
26
What investigations can be carried out for bronchiolitis?
- Nasopharyngeal aspirate | - Oxygen saturations
27
What investigations can be done but are quite frankly unnecessary?
- Chest X-ray - Bloods - Bacterial cultures
28
Why is a NPA carried out?
To identify the responsible organism so all patients can be place in one ward to minimise staff exposure
29
What medications are proven to work with bronchiolitis?
NONE
30
What medications do we know not to work on bronchiolitis?
- Salbutamol - Ipratropium bromide - Adrenalin - Steroids - Antibiotics - Nebulised saline
31
What are the typical symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections?
- 48hrs - Fever- - Shortness of breath - Cough - Grunting - Reduced or bronchial breath sounds
32
What symptom makes a bacterial cause unlikely?
Wheeze
33
What are the common infective agents in LRTIs?
- Viruses - Bacteria pneumococcus - Mycoplasma - Chlamydia - Mixed infection
34
When should it be called pneumonia?
- Signs are focal - Creps - High fever
35
What should you call it if its not pneumonia?
LRTI
36
What investigations are not routine in pneumonia?
- Chest X-ray | - Inflammatory markers
37
How should pneumonia be managed?
- Nothing if symptoms are mild - Oral amoxicillin first line - Oral macrolide second choice - Only IV if vomiting
38
What is pertussis characterised by?
Coughing fits with vomit and colour change
39
Why is pertussis common despite vaccination?
Vaccination only reduces risk and severity but doe not prevent
40
What is empyema?
A complication of pneumonia where there is an extension of infection into the pleural space
41
How does a child with empyema present?
Chest pain and very unwell
42
How is empyema treated?
IV Antibiotics +/- drainage
43
How should most LRTIs be managed?
Maintenance of oxygenation, hydration and nutrition

HDSO Respiratory System (82 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions