paediatric ENT Flashcards
what is the role of the tonsils
they form waldeyer’s ring and provide immunological support -> MALT presents antigens to T+B cells and IgA/G/D are secreted
what are the components of waldeyer’s ring (4)
- Pharyngeal tonsil
- Tubal tonsils (x2)
- Palatine tonsils (x2)
- Lingual tonsil
what is quinsy
a complication of tonsilitis -> peritonsilar abscess forms unilaterally
what are the adenoids and what can happen when they are inflamed
a collection of lymphoid tissue that sits at the back of the nose -> can block nasal ariway and eustachian tube when inflamed, may also allow for infection into the eustachian tube
2 indications for removal of adenoids
- recurrent adenoiditis w ear infection
- obstructive sleep apnoea
what are grommets (ENT)
a ring/tube inserted into the typmanic membrane
what are 2 complications that can occur post glue ear
- air bubbles behind eardrum
- pus behind eardrum
when are grommets inserted
- recurrent acute otitis media - allows air to sit around the middle ear
- persistant otitis media w effisuion (glue ear) - ventilation of the middle ear prevents infection
congenital causes that increase risk of blocked airway
- lack of nose formation
- lymphangioma
- subglottic stenosis
- recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis (due to HPV)
acquired cause for blocked airway in children
epiglottitis (now rare bc of vaccination)
examples of chronic ear disease in children (2)
- perforation
- cholesteatoma
what is a common cause of acquired deafness in children
meningitis
what is TORCH test
a group of test designed to detect infection of a developing fetus or newborn which may have lasting implications
T -toxioplasmosis
O - other
R - rubella
C - cytomegalovirus
H - herpes simplex/HIV
