Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics - MRCPCH > Paediatric Cardiology > Flashcards

Paediatric Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms typically associated with poor tissue perfusion in heart failure?

A

Generally non-specific:

  • fatigue
  • poor exercise tolerance
  • confusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms of congestion of the system in heart failure?

A

Generally more specific:

  • Dyspnoea
  • Hepatomegaly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name a condition which causes heart failure by increased afterload.

A

Coarctation of aorta (CoA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name a condition which causes heart failure by increased preload.

A

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which causes of heart failure usually present within the first few days of life?

A

CoA

Hypoplastic Left-Side of Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Other than conditions with increased preload or afterload, what other processes can heart failure occur?

A

Tachyarrhythmias
Myocardial abnormalities
Infection
Cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the chest signs of cardiac failure?

A 
SOB
Tachypnoea
Cough
Lung Creps
Cardiomegaly
Tachycardia/ 'gallop' heart rythym
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the GI signs of heart failure?

A

Poor feeding
Poor weight gain
Failure to thrive (FTT)
Hepatomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Other than chest and GI symptoms, how else can heart failure present?

A

Sweating
Fatigue
Confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In terms of clinical signs of heart failure which major group of signs present in adults, tends to be absent in children?

A

Those of congestive heart failure:

  • peripheral oedema
  • PND
  • Elevated JVP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What may a CXR show in heart failure?

A

Cardiomegaly

Oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What may an ABG show in heart failure

A

Low PO2

Metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In suspected heart failure how should Sp02 be tested in babies?

A

Pre-ductal compared to post ductal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where can pre-ductal SP02 be measured?

A

Right arm/hand only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What investigations should be done for presumed heart failure?

A 
ECG
Echo
SPO2
ABG
Serum electrolytes
CXR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why should O2 be given cautiously in Left to Right shunting?

A

Pulmonary vasodilation may increase shunting

17
Q

What are the general measures of management of heart failure?

A 
Overall - diagnose and treat underlying cause!
Oxygen
Diuretics
Diet (higher calorie if FTT)
ACEIs
Respiratory and/or cardiac (BP) support
18
Q

What is the likely cause of an ejection systolic murmur heart heard loudest over the upper right sternal edge which radiates to the neck?

A

Aortic Stenosis

19
Q

What type of murmur does Pulmonary stenosis cause?

A

Ejection systolic, heard loudest at upper left sternal edge +/- thrill which radiates to the back

20
Q

What is the cause of a continuous machinery-like murmur heard loudest over left clavicular area and radiates to the back?

A

PDA

21
Q

What type of murmur does VSD cause?

A

Loud pansystolic murmur heard loudest at lower left sternal edge and radiates to axilla. May cause a parasternal thrill.

22
Q

Which murmurs tend to be diastolic?

A

Aortic regurgitation
Pulmonary regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Tricuspid stenosis

23
Q

Which long systolic murmur is heard best at the apex and may radiate to the axilla?

A

Mitral regurgutation

24
Q

What condition causes a ejection systolic murmur heard loudest at upper left sternal edge, and has a split fixed S2?

A

ASD secundum

25
Q

What type of murmur does partial AVSD cause?

A

Ejection systolic murmur heart loudest at upper left sternal edge with a fixed split S2 and an apical pansystolic murmur

26
Q

Which condition causes an ejection systolic murmur loudest at the upper left sternal edge, radiates to the back with weak/absent pulses in a neonate?

A

Coarctation of Aorta

27
Q

What murmur does tetralogy of fallot cause?

A

Long systolic murmur over mid-left sternal edge with single S2. Associated with cyanosis.

28
Q

Is a diastolic murmur innocent or pathological?

A

Pathological

29
Q

Is a murmur which intensifies with increased cardiac output innocent or pathological?

A

Innocent

30
Q

Is a murmur which radiates innocent or pathological?

A

Pathological

Paediatrics - MRCPCH (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions