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BDS4 Patient Safety > Paediatric Basic Life Support > Flashcards

Paediatric Basic Life Support Flashcards

1
Q

How does a paediatric airway differ from an adult airway?

A
  • large tongue
  • large head
  • large epiglottis
  • short neck
  • protuberant occiput
  • funnel shaped, narrow trachea
  • floor of mouth easily compressed
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2
Q

How does paediatric breathing differ from adult breathing?

A
  • higher respiratory rate
  • low oxygen reserve with high oxygen consumption
  • smaller alveolar interface
  • quick to become hypoxic
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3
Q

What is a normal paediatric respiratory rate?

A

30-40 breaths per minute

  • adult is 12-15 breaths per minute
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4
Q

What is the surface area of the paediatric alveolar interface

A

3 metres squared
- adult is 70 metres squared

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5
Q

How does paediatric circulation compare to adult circulation?

A
  • higher heart rate
  • low circulating volume
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6
Q

What is a normal infant heart rate?

A

140bpm

  • 60-100bmp in adults
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7
Q

What is a normal infant circulating blood volume?

A

240ml

  • 5l in adults
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8
Q

What pulse should be palpated for infants?

A

brachial pulse

  • can also use femoral pulse
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9
Q

What pulse should be palpated for children?

A

carotid pulse

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10
Q

What are common causes of paediatric airway obstruction?

A
  • congenital abnormalities
  • secretions
  • infection
  • pharyngeal swelling
  • trauma
  • epiglottis
  • foreign body
  • drowning
  • CNS depression
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11
Q

What is the most common paediatric arrhythmia?

A

severe bradychardia

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12
Q

How does severe bradycardia deteriorate in children?

A
  • deteriorates to pulseless electrical activity (PEA) or asystole
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13
Q

What are the paediatric morbidity and mortality rates of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)?

A

survival rate of 4-12%

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14
Q

What percent of children survive out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) without neurological impairment?

A

<5%

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15
Q

How do cardiac arrests usually start and progress within children?

A
  • starts as primary respiratory arrest
  • deteriorates into secondary cardiac arrest
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16
Q

What causes myocardial disfunction in paediatric cardiac arrest?

A

severe tissue hypoxia

17
Q

What acronym should be used for paediatric basic life support?

A

S - safety
S - stimulate
S - shout
A - airway
B - breathing
C - circulation
R - reassess

18
Q

How should infants be stimulated during basic life support assessment?

A
  • tug hair
  • move arms
  • shout
19
Q

How should children be stimulated during basic life support assessment?

A
  • shake shoulders
  • shout
20
Q

How should an infant airway be checked?

A
  • head in neutral position
  • jaw thrust
  • finger sweep
21
Q

How should a child airway be checked?

A
  • head tilt chin lift OR jaw thrust
  • finger sweep
22
Q

How should paediatric breathing be assessed?

A
  • look, listen and feel for 10 seconds
  • look for other signs of life
  • simultaneously check pulse
23
Q

How should infant circulation be assessed?

A
  • check brachial/femoral pulse
  • check for no longer than 10 seconds
  • look for other signs of life
24
Q

How should child circulation be assessed?

A
  • check carotid pulse
  • check for no longer than 10 seconds
  • look for other signs of life
25
Q

When dialling 999, what information should be passed over?

A
  • ‘child in cardiac arrest’
  • ‘not breathing normally’
  • location
  • telephone number
26
Q

What action should be taken first in the absence of normal breathing for a paediatric patient?

A

delivery of 5 rescue breaths

  • due to low oxygen reserves
27
Q

When should paediatric CPR be performed?

A
  • no pulse
  • pulse rate below 60bpm
28
Q

What is the paediatric ventilation to compression ratio?

A

15 compressions:2 ventilations

29
Q

How regularly should paediatric patients be reassessed during CPR?

A

after 1 minute

30
Q

Where should hands be positioned on a child for compressions?

A
  • lower half of the sternum
    • locate xiphisternum
    • one finger breadth above
31
Q

How deep should compressions for a child be?

A
  • approximately 5cm
    • depress 1/3 of anterior posterior depth
32
Q

Where should compressions be positioned on an infant for compressions?

A
  • one finger above the xiphisternum
    • trace along ribs
33
Q

How deep should compressions for an infant be and what should be used to compress?

A
  • approximately 4cm
    • depress 1/3 of anterior posterior depth
  • place two fingers of two thumbs
34
Q

Why is it rare to use a defibrillator on a child

A
  • not usually shockable rhythms
    • PEA
    • asystole
35
Q

How should child defibrillator be performed?

A
  • use of paediatric pads
    • 1-8 years old
  • pads placed anterior/posterior
36
Q

What energy is used for child defibrillation?

A

50-70 joules

  • adult is 150 joules

BDS4 Patient Safety (8 decks)

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